Polonsky's plays. Read online "biography"

Many critics called Polonsky's poems the pure gold of Russian poetry. He was especially able to convey subtle, barely perceptible movements of the soul. Poems written in in simple language, melodic and understandable to everyone.

Thanks to this, many works were set to music and became popular romances and songs that we know today: for example, “My fire shines in the fog.” Poems dedicated to the Caucasus (and in particular, Georgia) are particularly melodious.

Among landscape lyrics(poems about nature, about winter, about spring, about autumn) there are many works that amaze with the amazing unity of the deepest poetic experience and perfect artistic form.

Polonsky knew how to poeticize love. In his poems, a woman is a friend and helper lyrical hero, she is close to him in thoughts and aspirations. Love unites people, inspires them to heroism and self-sacrifice. This high feeling is sung in poems dedicated to Lopukhina and Nina Chavchavadze (Griboyedov’s wife).

He also wrote poems. The comic fairy tale poem “The Grasshopper the Musician,” in which he talks about his relationship with St. Petersburg society, also gained wide popularity, and was highly appreciated by Turgenev.

In simple and sincere words, the poet spoke about the Motherland and Russia, about life and death, about friendship and poetry, about God and faith.

The greatest success, as Polonsky himself believed, fell to the share of poems written for children. The best of them are memorized not only by children, but also by adults. This page contains works that are included in school curriculum 6th and 9th grades.

Hollywood is now in a downtime - there are no new stories, so we have to film comics and make remakes of cult films of past years. The scriptwriters of the Dream Factory should pay attention to the biographies of Russian entrepreneurs - especially those who started in the “roaring nineties”. Based on such material, you can create a picture cooler than “The Wolf of Wall Street.” Take, for example, the story of Sergei Polonsky.

Childhood and youth

The future entrepreneur was born on December 1, 1972. This happened in St. Petersburg, which at that time was still called Leningrad. Little Sergei joined the family of the Jew Yuri Polonsky and his wife Nina Makusheva.

The boy attended primary school on the Petrograd side - in one of the historical districts of the city. Polonsky completed his middle and high school studies in the Ukrainian city of Gorlovka, where his family moved in 1984.

In 1990, Sergei was drafted into the army to repay his debt to his homeland. Was sent to airborne troops, was assigned to the Twenty-first Separate Air Assault Brigade as an anti-aircraft gunner. As part of this brigade, he took part during the armed conflict between South Ossetia and Georgia, and participated in the hostilities near Tskhinvali.

In 1992 he returned home and tried to find a job. Not finding a suitable place in Gorlovka and the terrain, I went back to St. Petersburg.

Business

Having held more than two hundred meetings with builders and sellers land plots In 1994, Sergey, together with his friend Artur Kirilenko, founded and headed Stroymontazh LLC, a company engaged in the construction, renovation and sale of apartments.

Later, to the listed services, completion of unfinished projects of other organizations was added. In 1996, the first such contract was drawn up, according to which Stroymontazh LLC undertook to complete an apartment building for Lenenergo employees.

By the end of the nineties, the company of Polonsky and Kirilenko took one of the leading positions in the real estate market of St. Petersburg. At the same time, Sergei himself is studying at the State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering with a degree in Economics and Management in a Construction Enterprise.

In 2000, the entrepreneur graduated from university, receiving the qualification of an economist-manager. At the same time, Stroymontazh LLC entered the Moscow market. A year later, Sergei became a member of the Entrepreneurship Council under the mayor and government of Moscow, as well as a member of the organization of entrepreneurs “ Business Russia».

In 2002, Polonsky defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “Formation of functional strategies for material and technical supply construction production" Also, 2002 was marked for Polonsky by entering the post of senator of the International Youth Chamber.

In 2004, Sergei became vice-president of the International Club of the Best Managers of the New Era society, and also completed a cosmonaut training course in order to attend the International space station. However, this idea could not be realized due to the protest of employees of the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems. Polonsky's candidacy was not suitable in terms of physical parameters (height 1.93 m - noticeably above average).

In addition, in 2004, the Moscow branch of Stroymontazh LLC, headed by Sergey, rebranded, becoming a separate organization of Mirax Group. The St. Petersburg department of the Stroymontazh company remained with Kirilenko. Polonsky retained 10% of the shares of Artur Kirilenko’s company, and Artur retained 10% of the shares of Sergei’s company.

A year later, the entrepreneur resigned from the Entrepreneurship Council under the Moscow government and became vice-president of the Russian Builders Association. At the same time, Polonsky began speaking to students of capital universities - MGIMO, Moscow State University, Moscow Faculty of Philosophy, Higher School of Economics and others, conducting master classes on entrepreneurship and personal growth.

Before the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, Mirax Group managed to implement such development projects as “Crown”, “Golden Keys II” and “Federation Tower”, as well as work abroad: in Ukraine, Montenegro, Switzerland, France, Great Britain and even in America.

In 2009, Sergey became the head of the Department of Management in Development at the Moscow Financial and Industrial Academy "Synergy". Also that year, Polonsky and Kirilenko exchanged 10% shares of each other's companies, becoming full owners of their enterprises.

In 2010, Polonsky left the business organization “Business Russia”. In 2011, Sergei was mentioned in Forbes as one of the nine most unusual entrepreneurs in Russia. In 2013, he became the subject of a documentary book by Jesse Russell and Ronald Cohen.

After a series of scandals associated with Polonsky’s name, the entrepreneur returned to normal work in 2017. Now Sergey acts as a shareholder and investor in commercial organizations.

Personal life

The first years after the army, Sergei was married to Natalya Stepanova, with whom he has a son, Stanislav.

After his divorce from Natalya, Polonsky became involved with yoga instructor Yulia Drynkina. From his second wife, Polonsky has three children - daughters Aglaya and Marusya and son Mirax (named after his father’s company, and not vice versa). At the beginning of the 2000s, the couple divorced.

Since 2004, Polonsky lived in a civil marriage with Olga Deripasko, whom he married in June 2016 while in the Matrosskaya Tishina detention center.

Scandals

In 2011, during one of the September episodes of the television program “NTVshniki,” a conflict ensued between Sergei Polonsky and a banker and aviation entrepreneur, during which Lebedev insulted Polonsky and caused him minor bodily harm. The case went to court.

On July 2, 2013, the Ostankino court found Alexander Lebedev guilty of violating the law (“hooliganism motivated by political hatred”). Sentence - 150 hours public works.

While Polonsky was busy squabbling with Lebedev, entrepreneurs tried to seize control of the Kutuzov Mile construction site, where Sergei was in charge, through a raid. Having reported this to his subscribers on LiveJournal, the entrepreneur went to deal with the Rotenbergs.

As a result, it came to inspections as directed from above, and an interesting fact surfaced. Polonsky embezzled two and a half billion rubles - half the amount contributed by shareholders for the construction of the Kutuzovskaya Mile residential complex. Sergei went on the run and on August 13, 2013 was put on the international wanted list. The completion of the Kutuzov Mile project was entrusted to the Federal Center social development.

On November 5, 2013, Polonsky’s case was transferred to Interpol. Around the same time, Sergei, along with two other immigrants from Russia, was arrested in Cambodia - the crew of the ship was illegally imprisoned. Three months later, Sergei managed to get bail and a written undertaking not to leave, after which he immediately fled the country - first to Switzerland and then to Israel, where he tried to obtain citizenship based on his paternal nationality.

Due to the refusal of the Israeli government, Polonsky was forced to return back to Cambodia, where he was caught for violating immigration laws. More after past history Rumors spread among the country's citizens that the entrepreneur had bribed the Cambodian leadership. To restore his reputation, the government put the entrepreneur on a flight to Moscow.

Upon arrival in the capital, Polonsky was sent to a pre-trial detention center. Sergei was offered a pre-trial deal, but he refused. The investigation dragged on for several years. In July 2017, the entrepreneur was found guilty of stealing someone else's property causing material damage on an especially large scale. However, Sergei was nevertheless released, since “the statute of limitations of the criminal case had expired” - his lawyer’s defense did their best.

Sergei Polonsky now

Upon his release, Polonsky did what no one expected of him. He announced that he was going to run for president.

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Yakov Polonsky was born December 6 (18), 1819 in Ryazan in the family of an official-intendant. The poet's mother, Natalya Yakovlevna, was an educated woman - she read a lot, wrote down poems, songs, and romances in notebooks.

First Polonsky received home education, and then he was sent to the Ryazan gymnasium. At this time, Polonsky read the works of Pushkin and V. Benediktov and began to write poetry himself. The gymnasium authorities instructed Polonsky to write congratulatory poems on the occasion of the arrival of the heir to the throne Alexander with the poet Zhukovsky in Ryazan. The venerable poet liked the poems of the young high school student, and he gave him a gold watch. It was in 1837, and the next year Polonsky graduated from high school and entered Moscow University at the Faculty of Law.

At the university, Polonsky, like many other students, was delighted by the lectures of Professor T.N. Granovsky. The young man met N.M. Orlov, son famous general, hero Patriotic War M.F. Orlova. I.S. gathered at the Orlovs’ house. Turgenev, P.Ya. Chaadaev, A.S. Khomyakov, F.N. Glinka and others. At these evenings, Polonsky read his poems.

In 1844 Polonsky graduated from the university and soon graduated first collection of his poems - “Gammas”, received favorably in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

In the autumn of 1844 Polonsky moved to Odessa to serve in the customs department. There he lives with the brother of the later famous anarchist Bakunin, and visits the house of Governor Vorontsov. The salary was not enough, and Polonsky gave private lessons. In the spring of 1846. the poet moved to the Caucasus, where he was transferred by the governor M.S. Vorontsov. Polonsky serves in his office. Soon he also became the editor of the Transcaucasian Vestnik newspaper.

In the newspaper he publishes works of various genres - from journalistic and scientific articles to essays and stories.

Caucasian impressions determined the content of many of his poetic works. In 1849 Polonsky published collection "Sazandar"(singer (Georgian)). Service in the Caucasus lasted 4 years.

In 1857 Polonsky went abroad as a teacher-tutor in the family of Governor N.M. Smirnova. However, the poet soon abandoned the role of a teacher, since the absurd character and religious fanaticism of A.O. Smirnova-Rosset was disgusted by Polonsky. He is trying to take up painting in Geneva ( 1858 ), however, he soon meets with the famous literary philanthropist Count Kushelev-Bezborodko, who offered him the post of editor in the magazine he organized. Russian word" Polonsky accepted this offer. Before 1860 the poet edited the Russian Word, later became a secretary in the Committee of Foreign Censorship, and three years later - a junior censor in the same committee. He held this position until 1896, after which he was appointed a member of the Council of the Main Directorate for Press Affairs.

Polonsky was on good terms with Nekrasov, I. Turgenev, P. Tchaikovsky, for whom he wrote the libretto (“Blacksmith Vakula”, later “Cherevichki”), with A.P. Chekhov - he dedicated the poem “At the Door” to him.

In 1887 the 50th anniversary was solemnly celebrated creative activity Polonsky.

Ya. Polonsky died October 18 (30), 1898 in St. Petersburg, buried in the Lgov Monastery. In 1958, the poet’s ashes were transported to Ryazan (the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin).

Polonsky wrote poems, poems, satirical newspaper feuilletons, published short stories, novellas and novels, and acted as a playwright and publicist. But of his vast creative heritage, only poetic works and lyrics are of value.

Keywords: Yakov Polonsky, detailed biography of Yakov Polonsky, criticism, download biography, download for free, abstract, Russian literature of the 19th century, poets of the 19th century

comes from the nobility of the Vilna district, was born in 1833. He graduated from the course at St. Petersburg University in the cameral (administrative) category. He served in the office of the War Ministry, then in the office of the Minister of Public Education (under Kovalevsky and Golovin). Knowing several very well foreign languages, Polonsky led the foreign policy department in "Russian Invalid" (1861), " Modern Word"(1862 - 63), "St. Petersburg Gazette" (1864 - 65), "Voice" (1866 - 65), "Public Court" (1866) and "Son of the Fatherland" (1867). Placed in the "Library for Reading" "(edited by Druzhinin, 1860) article "Abuse and inability in the administration", in "Russian Word" (1863) - article "Poland and Spain". Polonsky was the first to introduce in St. Petersburg Vedomosti (1864 - 64) a weekly feuilleton of St. Petersburg life, which, after Polonsky moved to Golos, was first conducted by V.P. Burenin, then A.S. Suvorin. These feuilletons Polonsky signed under the pseudonym Ivan Lyubich. He published several articles, around the same time, in "The Week". When the "Bulletin of Europe" began to be published monthly (from January 1868), Polonsky took over the “internal review” department in this magazine and ran it until January 1880. The general direction of these reviews, which gave Polonsky a prominent position among Russian publicists, was liberal in the sense of the word that it had in the 70s. During the same time, he published many articles in the "Bulletin of Europe" signed by: L.P., L. Aleksandrov and L-A-v, mainly on foreign literature ("Heinrich Heine", "Anthony Trollope", "Christmas Tales" "Dickens, "A. Lamartine"), as well as historical content ("Stephen Batory", "Huguenots in England", etc.), economic ("Exchange Olympus") and others. In 1873 and 1874, Polonsky compiled two volumes of an appendix to the “Bulletin of Europe”, entitled “The Year” (see “Bulletin of Europe”, VII, 649). The model for this publication was the "Annuaire", once attached to the magazine "Revue des deux Mondes". The "Bulletin of Europe" published Polonsky's talented stories: "We must live" (1878) and "The Crazy Musician" (1879), signed under the pseudonym L. Lukyanov; The first of them attracted special attention. Since January 1880 Polonsky began publishing his own political newspaper: "Country", which at first was published twice a week, and from 1881 - three times and immediately took the place of the leading leader in the liberal political press. At first, “Strana” treated the management of Count Loris-Melikov with restraint, but soon, convinced by conversations with leading figures of that time, the editor of “Strana” began to sympathize with their intentions, although he was completely independent and found their actions too slow. While supporting the main idea of ​​the new direction, Strana still remained an opposition body. Under Count Loris-Melikov, she received two warnings: the first, on January 16, 1881, for an article on the need to pardon Chernyshevsky, the second, on March 4 of the same year, for an article on the events of March 1; At the same time, Golos also received a warning for reprinting the Strany article and expressing agreement with it. “Strana” conducted a caustic, although restrained in tone, polemic with “Rus” and Slavophilism in general and constantly defended the Old Believers. All leading articles in "Strana" marked "Petersburg" were written by the editor himself. In Polonsky’s story “The Thaw”, published in “Country” (1881), one can find some characteristics of that moment, as the previous two stories partly reflected the public mood of the late seventies. In January 1883, "Country" was temporarily suspended, and henceforth subject to preliminary censorship. After the expiration of the term, it was not renewed (only at the end of 1884 one issue was published to preserve the right to publish for another year). From October 1884 to the end of 1892 Polonsky led the "internal review" in "Russian Thought"; In the same place, under his previous pseudonym, he published the story “Anna” (in 1892), which reflected the fall of previous hopes and marked the moment of the appearance of new people - “lucky people”. In 1891 Polonsky placed in the "Collection" in favor of the hungry, published by "Russian Thought", the story "No Money". In 1885 in the same magazine Polonsky published the beginning of a long essay about V. Hugo, and in 1888 - an article about the Polish poet Julia Slowacki. In 1893 Polonsky joined the journal "Northern Bulletin" and until the spring of 1896 led the department "Provincial Press" under the pseudonym L. Prozorova. In 1894 and 1895 Polonsky He led the department of “internal review” and “political chronicle” in the same magazine. In 1883, 1884 and 1895 Polonsky published several articles in the "News" on educational and economic issues, some signed. Polonsky also wrote in French; from half of 1881 to 83 he was a permanent St. Petersburg correspondent for the Temps newspaper; in the early 80s he wrote “Lettres de Russie” in the Parisian newspaper “Revue Universelle” and published a translation of one of Saltykov’s satires there. Since the late 80s Polonsky From time to time he published articles in Polish in the St. Petersburg newspaper "Kraj", and from the middle of 1896 he took a closer part in this newspaper. His article: “Mickiewicz in Russian Literature” is published in the “Mickiewicz Collection” published by the editors of “Kraj”. Polonsky's first fictional essays ("We Must Live," "The Crazy Musician," "The Thaw," along with two essays from Bernand) were published by him as a separate book entitled "At Leisure." The story "We must live" has been translated into French Mrs. Mickiewicz (the wife of the son of the famous poet) and published in the Revue Universelle. Polonsky never cared about fame: the vast majority of his articles appeared without a signature at all, and some with constantly changing pseudonyms.