The Americans did not fly to the moon. More and more evidence

MOSCOW, July 20 - RIA Novosti. Famed cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who personally prepared for participation in the Soviet lunar exploration program, denied years of rumors that American astronauts were not on the Moon, and the footage broadcast on television around the world was allegedly edited in Hollywood.

He spoke about this in an interview with RIA Novosti on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the first landing in the history of mankind of US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin on the surface of an Earth satellite, celebrated on July 20.

So were or weren't the Americans on the moon?

“Only absolutely ignorant people can seriously believe that the Americans were not on the moon. And, unfortunately, this whole ridiculous epic about the allegedly fabricated footage in Hollywood began precisely with the Americans themselves. By the way, the first person who began to distribute these rumors, was imprisoned for slander," Aleksey Leonov noted in this regard.

Where did the rumors come from?

It all started with the fact that when, at the celebration of the 80th anniversary of the famous American film director Stanley Kubrick, who created his brilliant film Odyssey 2001 based on the book of science fiction writer Arthur Clark, journalists who met with Kubrick's wife asked to talk about her husband's work on the film in Hollywood studios.And she honestly said that there are only two real lunar modules on Earth - one in a museum where no filming has ever been done, and it’s even forbidden to walk with a camera, and the other is in Hollywood, where, to develop the logic of what is happening on the screen and additional filming of the landing of the Americans on the moon was made," the Soviet cosmonaut specified.

Why was studio photography used?

Alexei Leonov explained that in order for the viewer to be able to see the development of what is happening on the movie screen from beginning to end, elements of additional filming are used in any movie.

“It was impossible, for example, to film the real opening of the hatch of the descent ship on the Moon by Neil Armstrong - there was simply no one to film it from the surface! For the same reason, it was impossible to film Armstrong’s descent to the Moon along the ladder from the ship. Kubrick in Hollywood studios to develop the logic of what is happening, and laid the foundation for numerous gossip that the entire landing was allegedly simulated on the set, "explained Alexei Leonov.

Where Truth Begins and Editing Ends

“Real shooting began when Armstrong, who first set foot on the Moon, got a little used to it, installed a highly directional antenna, through which the broadcast to Earth was carried out. its movement on the surface of the moon," the astronaut specified.

Why did the American flag fly in the airless space of the moon?

“They argue that the American flag was flying on the moon, but it shouldn’t be. The flag really shouldn’t be flying - the fabric was used with a rather rigid reinforced mesh, the cloth was twisted into a tube and tucked into a case. The astronauts took with them a nest, which they first inserted into the lunar soil, and then they stuck the flagpole into it, and only then removed the cover. And when the cover was removed, the flag's cloth began to unfold in conditions of reduced gravity, and the residual deformation of the springy reinforced mesh created the impression that the flag was rippling, as if in the wind " , - Alexey Leonov explained the "phenomenon".

“It’s simply ridiculous and ridiculous to talk about the fact that the entire film was filmed on Earth. The United States had all the necessary systems that tracked the launch of the launch vehicle itself, acceleration, flight orbit correction, flight around the Moon by the descent capsule and its landing,” concluded the famous Soviet cosmonaut.

What did the "lunar race" lead to two space superpowers

“In my opinion, this is the best competition in space that humanity has ever carried out. The “moon race” between the USSR and the USA is the achievement of the highest peaks of science and technology,” Alexei Leonov believes.

According to him, after the flight of Yuri Gagarin, US President Kennedy, speaking in Congress, said that the Americans simply thought too late about what triumph could be achieved by launching a man into space, and therefore the Russians triumphantly became the first. Kennedy's message was clear: within ten years, put a man on the moon and return him safely to Earth.

"This was a very true step of the great politician - he united and rallied the American nation to achieve this goal. Huge funds for those times were also involved - 25 billion dollars, today, this is, perhaps, all fifty billion. The program included a flyby of the moon, then the flight of Tom Stafford to the point of hovering and selection of a site for landing on Apollo 10. Sending Apollo 11 already provided for the direct landing of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon. Michael Collins remained in orbit and waited for the return of his comrades, " - said Alexei Leonov.

18 Apollo-type ships were made to prepare for landing on the moon - the whole program was implemented perfectly, except for Apollo 13 - from the engineering point of view, nothing special happened there, it just failed, or rather, one of the fuel cells exploded , the energy weakened, and therefore it was decided not to land on the surface, but to fly around the Moon and return to Earth.

Alexei Leonov noted that only the first flight around the moon by Frank Bormann, then the landing of Armstrong and Aldrin on the moon and the story of Apollo 13 remained in the memory of the Americans. These accomplishments have brought the American nation together and made every individual empathize, walk with fingers crossed, and pray for their heroes. The last flight of the Apollo series was also extremely interesting: American astronauts no longer just walked on the Moon, but traveled on its surface in a special lunar car, making interesting photographs.

In fact, it was the peak of the Cold War, and in this situation, after the success of Yuri Gagarin, the Americans simply had to win the "moon race". The USSR then had its own lunar program, and we also implemented it. By 1968, it had already existed for two years, and even the crews of our cosmonauts were formed for a flight to the Moon.

On censorship of the achievements of mankind

"The launches of the Americans as part of the lunar program were broadcast on television, and only two countries in the world - the USSR and communist China - did not broadcast these historical footage to their peoples. I thought then, and now I think - in vain, we simply robbed our people "The flight to the moon is the property and achievement of all mankind. The Americans watched Gagarin's launch, Leonov's spacewalk - why couldn't the Soviet people see it?!", laments Alexei Leonov.

According to him, a limited group of Soviet space specialists watched these launches through a closed channel.

“We had military unit 32103 on Komsomolsky Prospekt, which provided space broadcasting, since there was no TsUP in Korolev then. The Americans set up a television antenna on the surface of the moon, and everything they did there was transmitted through a television camera to Earth, several repetitions of these television broadcasts were also made.When Armstrong stood on the surface of the moon, and everyone in the USA clapped, we are here in the USSR , Soviet cosmonauts, also crossed their fingers for good luck, and sincerely wished the guys success, "recalls the Soviet cosmonaut.

How was the implementation of the Soviet lunar program

"In 1962, a decree was issued, signed personally by Nikita Khrushchev, on the creation of a spacecraft for flying around the moon and using the Proton launch vehicle with an upper stage for this launch. In 1964, Khrushchev signed a program for the USSR to fly around , and in 1968 - landing on the moon and returning to Earth. And in 1966 there was already a decision on the formation of lunar crews - a group was immediately recruited for landing on the moon, "Alexey Leonov recalled.

The first stage of the flyby of the Earth satellite was to be carried out with the help of the launch of the L-1 lunar module by the Proton launch vehicle, and the second stage - landing and returning back - on the giant and most powerful N-1 rocket, equipped with thirty engines with a total thrust of 4.5 thousand tons with the weight of the rocket itself about 2 thousand tons. However, even after four test launches, this super-heavy rocket did not fly normally, so it had to be abandoned in the end.

Korolev and Glushko: the antipathy of two geniuses

"There were other options, for example, using a 600-ton engine developed by the brilliant designer Valentin Glushko, but Sergey Korolev refused it, since he worked on highly toxic heptyl. Although, in my opinion, this was not the reason - just two leaders , Korolev and Glushko - could not and did not want to work together. Their relationship had its own problems of a purely personal nature: Sergei Korolev, for example, knew that Valentin Glushko had once written a denunciation against him, as a result of which he was sentenced to ten years When Korolyov was released, he found out about this, but Glushko did not know that he knew about it, "said Alexei Leonov.

A small step for a man, but a giant leap for all mankind

NASA's Apollo 11 spacecraft on July 20, 1969, with a crew of three astronauts: Commander Neil Armstrong, Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Aldrin, and Command Module Pilot Michael Collins, became the first to reach the Moon in the USSR-US space race. The Americans did not pursue research tasks in this expedition, its goal was simple: to land on the Earth's satellite and return successfully.

The ship consisted of a lunar module and a command module that remained in orbit during the mission. Thus, of the three astronauts, only two went to the moon: Armstrong and Aldrin. They had to land on the moon, collect samples of the lunar soil, take pictures on the Earth satellite and install several instruments. However, the main ideological component of the trip was still the hoisting of the American flag on the moon and the holding of a video communication session with the Earth.

The launch of the ship was watched by US President Richard Nixon and German rocket scientist Hermann Oberth. A total of about a million people watched the launch at the cosmodrome and mounted observation platforms, and more than a billion people watched the television broadcast, according to the Americans, around the world.

Apollo 11 launched to the moon on July 16, 1969 at 1332 GMT and entered lunar orbit 76 hours later. The command and lunar modules were undocked about 100 hours after launch. Despite the fact that NASA intended to land on the lunar surface in automatic mode, Armstrong, as the expedition commander, decided to land the lunar module in semi-automatic mode.

The lunar module landed on the Sea of ​​Tranquility on July 20 at 20:17:42 GMT. Armstrong descended to the lunar surface on July 21, 1969 at 02:56:20 GMT. Everyone knows the phrase that he uttered when he set foot on the moon: "This is one small step for man, but a giant leap for all mankind."

Aldrin also landed on the moon 15 minutes later. The astronauts collected the necessary amount of materials, placed the instruments and installed a television camera. After that, they planted an American flag in the field of view of the camera and held a communication session with President Nixon. The astronauts left a commemorative plaque on the Moon with the words: "Here, people from the planet Earth first set foot on the Moon. July 1969 of the new era. We came in peace on behalf of all Humanity."

Aldrin was on the moon for about an hour and a half, Armstrong for two hours and ten minutes. At the 125th hour of the mission and the 22nd hour of stay on the Moon, the lunar module was launched from the surface of the Earth's satellite. The crew splashed down on the blue planet about 195 hours after the start of the mission, soon the astronauts were picked up by the aircraft carrier that came to the rescue.

American Patrick Murray“blew up” the world media with an incredible sensation - he published an interview with the now deceased director Stanley Kubrick recorded 15 years ago.

“I committed a huge fraud against the American public. With the participation of the United States government and NASA. The moon landing was faked, all the landings were fake, and I was the person who filmed it, ”says Stanley Kubrick in the video. To the clarifying question of the interviewer, the director repeats once again: yes, the landing of the Americans on the moon is a fake, which he personally fabricated.

According to Kubrick, this hoax was carried out on the instructions of the President of the United States. Richard Nixon. For participation in the project, the director received a large amount of money.

Patrick Murray explained why the interview only appeared 15 years after Stanley Kubrick's death. According to him, this was the requirement of the non-disclosure agreement, which he signed when recording the interview.

The loud sensation, however, was quickly exposed - the very interview with Kubrick turned out to be a hoax, the role of which was actually played by the actor.

This is not the first time that Stanley Kubrick's involvement in what has come to be called the "moon conspiracy" has been brought up.

In 2002, the documentary "The Dark Side of the Moon" was released, part of which was an interview with the widow of Stanley Kubrick Christiana. In it, she claimed that her husband, at the initiative of US President Richard Nixon, inspired by Kubrick's film "2001: A Space Odyssey", took part in the filming of the landing of American astronauts on the moon, which were held in a specially built pavilion on Earth.

In reality, The Dark Side of the Moon was a well-staged prank, which its creators frankly admitted in the credits.

"We have never been to the moon"

Despite the exposure of such pseudo-sensations, the "lunar conspiracy" theory is still alive and has thousands of supporters in different countries of the world.

July 21, 1969 astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon and uttered the historic phrase: "This is one small step for man, but a giant leap for all mankind."

The television broadcast of the first landing of a man on the surface of the moon was carried out in dozens of countries, but it did not convince some. Literally from the first day, skeptics began to appear, convinced that there was no landing on the moon, and everything that was shown to the public was a grandiose hoax.

On December 18, 1969, The New York Times published a short story about the annual meeting of members of the comic Memory Society of the Man Who Never Fly, held in a bar in Chicago. On it, one of the NASA representatives allegedly showed other tipsy members of the society photos and videos of astronauts' ground training activity, showing a striking resemblance to footage from the moon.

In 1970, the first books were published in which doubts were expressed that earthlings had really visited the moon.

In 1975 the American writer Bill Kaysing published the book "We have never been to the moon", which has become a desktop for all supporters of the "lunar conspiracy" theory. Kaysing claimed that all moon landings are a well-thought-out US government hoax.

Bill Kaysing formulated the main arguments of the supporters of the "lunar conspiracy" theory:

1. The level of technological development of NASA did not allow sending a man to the moon;
2. The absence of stars in photographs from the surface of the moon;
3. The photographic film of the astronauts was supposed to melt from the midday temperature on the Moon;
4. Various optical anomalies in photographs;
5. A waving flag in a vacuum;
6. A flat surface instead of the craters that should have been formed as a result of the landing of the lunar modules from their engines.

Why is the flag flying?

Supporters of the version that the Americans have never been to the moon point to numerous contradictions and inconsistencies in the materials of the NASA lunar program.

The arguments of conspiracy theorists and their opponents are collected in dozens of books, and it would be extremely reckless to quote them all. For example, you can analyze the incident with the American flag on the moon.

Photographs and video footage of the installation on the Moon by the crew of the Apollo 11 US flag shows "ripples" on the surface of the canvas. Proponents of the "lunar conspiracy" believe that these ripples arose due to a gust of wind, which is impossible in the airless space on the surface of the moon.

Opponents object: the movement of the flag was not caused by the wind, but by damped vibrations that arose during the installation of the flag. The flag was fixed on a flagpole and on a horizontal telescopic crossbar pressed against the pole during transportation. The astronauts were unable to extend the telescopic tube of the horizontal bar to its full length. Because of this, ripples remained on the cloth, which created the illusion of a flag fluttering in the wind.

Almost every conspiracy theory argument is refuted in this way.

The silence of the USSR was bought for a bribe?

The Soviet Union occupies a special place in the "lunar conspiracy". A logical question arises: if there was no landing on the moon, then why did the Soviet Union, which could not have known about it, kept silent?

On this, the adherents of the theory have several versions at once. According to the first, Soviet experts could not immediately recognize the skillful forgery. Another version suggests that the USSR agreed not to expose the Americans in exchange for some economic preferences. According to the third theory, the Soviet Union itself participated in the "lunar conspiracy" - the leadership of the USSR agreed to remain silent about the tricks of the Americans in order to hide their unsuccessful flights to the moon, during one of which, according to the "conspirators", the first cosmonaut of the Earth died Yuri Gagarin.

According to supporters of the "lunar conspiracy" theory, US President Richard Nixon ordered the operation to simulate the flight of astronauts to the moon after it became clear that the technology did not allow for a real manned flight to the Earth's satellite. It was a matter of principle for the United States to win the “moon race” against the USSR, and for this they were ready to do anything.

In an atmosphere of the strictest secrecy, the best masters of Hollywood were allegedly involved in the operation, including Stanley Kubrick, who allegedly filmed all the necessary scenes in a specially built pavilion.

Arguments and Facts

In 2009, on the 40th anniversary of the first manned landing on the moon, NASA decided to finally bury the "lunar conspiracy".

The automatic interplanetary station LRO completed a special task - it surveyed the landing areas of the lunar modules of terrestrial expeditions. The first ever detailed images of the lunar modules themselves, landing sites, equipment items left by expeditions on the surface, and even traces of the earthlings themselves from the cart and rover were transmitted to Earth. Five of the six retaliatory landings of the American lunar expeditions were captured.

Traces of Americans on the moon, independently of each other, in last years with the help of their automatic spacecraft, specialists from India, China and Japan recorded.

Supporters of the "lunar conspiracy", however, do not give up. Not really trusting all this evidence, they claim that an unmanned vehicle sent to the Earth’s satellite could also leave traces on the Moon.

How Hollywood Played into the Hands of Skeptics

In 1977, the American feature film "Capricorn 1" was released, based on the "lunar conspiracy" theory. According to its story, the US presidential administration sends a supposedly manned spacecraft to Mars, although in reality the crew remains on Earth and reports from a specially built pavilion. At the end of the mission, the astronauts must appear before the admiring Americans, but when they return to Earth, the spacecraft burns out in the dense layers of the atmosphere. After that, the special services are trying to get rid of the astronauts, officially declared dead, as unwanted witnesses.

The film "Capricorn-1" significantly increased the number of skeptics who believe that such a scenario could well be applied to the lunar program, especially since the authors in the plot used references to the real history of the Apollo program. For example, at the beginning of the film, the Vice President of the United States mentions that $24 billion has been spent on the Capricorn program. That is how much was actually spent on the Apollo program. The picture says that the President of the United States was absent at the launch of Capricorn due to urgent business - the real head of the United States, Richard Nixon, for a similar reason, was absent at the launch of Apollo 11.

Soviet cosmonauts: the Americans were on the moon, but they filmed something in the pavilion

Interestingly, the Soviet cosmonauts and designers, theoretically most interested in exposing the "lunar conspiracy", never expressed doubts that the Americans really landed on the moon.

Constructor Boris Chertok, one of the associates Sergei Korolev, wrote in his memoirs: “In the USA, three years after the astronauts landed on the moon, a little book was published, which stated that there was no flight to the moon ... The author and publisher made good money on deliberate lies.”

spaceship constructor Konstantin Feoktistov, who himself flew into space as part of the crew of the Voskhod-1 spacecraft, wrote that Soviet tracking stations received signals from American astronauts from the moon. According to Feoktistov, "arranging such a hoax is probably no less difficult than a real expedition."

astronauts Alexey Leonov and Georgy Grechko, who took part in the Soviet program of manned flight to the moon, confidently stated: yes, the Americans were on the moon. At the same time, they agreed that some of the landings were filmed in the pavilion. There is no crime in this - the staged shots were only supposed to clearly demonstrate to the public how everything really happened. A similar technique was also used in highlighting the achievements of Soviet cosmonautics.

Astronomically Expensive Moon

The argument that the United States did not have the technical ability to get astronauts to the moon does not seem to hold. All now declassified documents testify that both the USA and the USSR had such a technical capability. However, in the Soviet Union, having lost the "moon race", they preferred to curtail further work, stating that a manned flight to the Earth's satellite was not planned.

Another question that is asked by supporters of the “lunar conspiracy” is that if the Americans really visited the moon, then why did they curtail further research?

The answer to this question is rather banal: it's all about the money.

Having lost almost all the main prizes of the first stage of the "space race", the United States threw incredible funds for the implementation of a manned flight to the moon for that time. In the end, this allowed them to win.

But when the euphoria subsided, it became clear that the "lunar prestige" was a heavy burden on the American economy. As a result, the Apollo program was decided to be curtailed - as it was then thought, in order to return to the Moon in a few years with a more extensive and cheaper research program.

conspiracy theory 2.0

Programs for the construction of permanent lunar bases were developed both in the USA and in the USSR. All of them were interesting from a scientific point of view, but required a truly astronomical investment. The question of the industrial development of the Moon remains a matter of the distant future.

As a result, for more than 45 years, none of the earthlings has been flying to the moon. And this was the reason for many supporters of the "lunar conspiracy" to become adherents of its, so to speak, modernized version.

According to her, the American astronauts were really on the moon, but they found traces of the presence of an alien civilization there, which it was decided to keep in the strictest confidence. That is why the flights to the Moon were officially stopped, and a cover operation was launched in the media, part of which was disinformation about the staging of the Apollo program.

But this is a topic for a separate story.

Each nation individually and all of humanity as a whole strives only forward to conquer new horizons in the development of the economy, medicine, sports, science, new technologies, including the study of astronomy and the conquest of space. We hear about big breakthroughs in space, but have they really happened? Did the Americans land on the moon, or was it just one big spectacle?

suits

Having visited the “US National Air and Space Museum” in Washington, anyone who wants to make sure that the American spacesuit is a very simple dressing gown, sewn in haste. NASA claims that the spacesuits were sewn at a factory for the production of bras and underwear, that is, their spacesuits were sewn from the fabric of shorts and they supposedly protect against the aggressive space environment, from radiation that is deadly for humans. However, maybe NASA has really developed ultra-reliable suits that protect against radiation. But why then was this ultra-light material not used anywhere else? Not for military, not for peaceful purposes. Why was help not provided with Chernobyl, albeit for money, as American presidents like to do? Well, let's say perestroika has not yet begun and they did not want to help the Soviet Union. But, after all, for example, in 79 in the USA at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant there was a terrible accident of the reactor unit. So why didn't they use durable suits developed using NASA technology to eliminate radiation contamination - a time bomb on their territory?

Radiation radiation from the Sun is detrimental to humans. Radiation is one of the main obstacles to space exploration. For this reason, today all manned flights take place no further than 500 kilometers from the surface of our planet. But the Moon has no atmosphere and the level of radiation is commensurate with open space. For this reason, both in a manned spacecraft and in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon, the astronauts had to receive a lethal dose of radiation. However, they are all alive.

Neil Armstrong and the other 11 astronauts lived an average of 80 years, and some are still alive today, like Buzz Aldrin. By the way, back in 2015, he honestly admitted that he had not been to the moon.

It is interesting to know how they were able to survive so well when a small dose of radiation is enough to develop leukemia - a cancer of the blood. As you know, none of the astronauts died of oncology, which raises only questions. Theoretically, it is possible to protect yourself from radiation. The question is, what protection can be sufficient for such a flight. Engineers' calculations show that to protect the astronauts from cosmic radiation, the walls of the spacecraft and the spacesuit at least 80 cm thick, made of lead, are needed, which, of course, was not there. Not a single rocket can lift such a weight.

The suits were not just hastily riveted, and they were missing the simple things necessary for life support. So in the spacesuits used in the Apollo program, there is no system for the withdrawal of waste products. The Americans, either throughout the flight with plugs in different places, endured, did not write or poop. Or everything that came out of them they immediately processed. Otherwise, they would simply suffocate on their excrement. It's not that the system of excretion of waste products was bad - it was simply absent.

Astronauts walked on the moon in rubber boots, but it's interesting to know how they did it if the temperature on the moon ranges from +120 to -150 degrees Celsius. How did they get the information and technology to make shoes that are resistant to wide temperature ranges? After all, the only material that has the necessary properties was discovered after flights and began to be used in production only 20 years after the first landing on the moon.

official chronicle

The vast majority of space images of the NASA lunar program do not show stars, although they are abundant in Soviet space images. The black empty background in all the photographs is explained by the fact that there were difficulties with modeling the starry sky and NASA decided to completely abandon the sky in their images. At the time of the installation of the US flag on the moon, the flag was fluttering under the influence of air currents. Armstrong adjusted the flag and took a few steps back. However, the flag did not stop waving. The American flag fluttered in the wind, although we know that in the absence of an atmosphere and in the absence of wind as such, a flag cannot wave on the Moon. How could astronauts move so quickly on the Moon if gravity is 6 times lower than on Earth? An accelerated view of the astronauts' jumps on the Moon shows that their movements correspond to those on Earth, and the height of the jumps does not exceed the height of the jumps under the conditions of Earth's gravity. You can also find fault with the pictures themselves for a long time in the difference in colors and minor blunders.

Lunar soil

During the lunar missions under the Apollo program, a total of 382 kg of lunar soil was delivered to Earth, and soil samples were donated by the US government to leaders of different countries. True, without exception, the regolith turned out to be a fake of terrestrial origin. Part of the soil mysteriously simply disappeared from museums, another part of the soil after chemical analysis turned out to be terrestrial basalt or meteorite fragments. So BBC News reported that a fragment of lunar soil, stored in the Dutch museum Rijskmuseulm, turned out to be a piece of petrified wood. The exhibit was handed over to Dutch Prime Minister Willem Dries, and after his death, the regolith went to the museum. Experts doubted the authenticity of the stone back in 2006. Finally, this suspicion was confirmed by an analysis of the lunar soil, carried out by specialists from the Free University of Amsterdam, the conclusion of the experts was not comforting: a piece of stone is a fake. The American government decided not to comment on this situation in any way and simply hushed up the matter. Also, similar cases occurred in Japan, Switzerland, China and Norway. And such embarrassments were resolved in the same way, regoliths mysteriously either disappeared or were destroyed by fire or the destruction of museums.

One of the main arguments of the opponents of the lunar conspiracy is the recognition by the Soviet Union of the fact that the Americans landed on the moon. Let's analyze this fact in more detail. The United States was well aware that it would not be difficult for the Soviet Union to come out with a refutation and provide evidence that the Americans had never landed on the moon. And there was plenty of evidence, including material. This is the analysis of the lunar soil, which was transferred by the American side, and this is the Apollo 13 apparatus caught in the Bay of Biscay in 1970 with full telemetry of the launch of the Saturn-5 launch vehicles, in which there was not a single living soul, there was not a single astronaut. On the night of April 11-12, the Soviet fleet lifted the Apollo 13 capsule. In fact, the capsule turned out to be an empty zinc bucket, there was no thermal protection at all, and its weight was no more than one ton. The rocket was launched on April 11, and a few hours later on the same day, the Soviet military finds a capsule in the Bay of Biscay.

And according to the official chronicle, the American apparatus circled the Moon and returned to Earth supposedly on April 17, as if nothing had happened. The Soviet Union at that time received irrefutable evidence of the falsification of the moon landing by the Americans and it had a fat ace up its sleeve.

But then amazing things began to happen. At the height of the Cold War, when a bloody war was going on in Vietnam, Brezhnev and Nixon, as if nothing had happened, meet like good old friends, smile, clink glasses, drink champagne together. History remembers this as the Brezhnev thaw. How can one explain the completely unexpected friendship between Nixon and Brezhnev? In addition to the fact that the Brezhnev thaw began quite unexpectedly, behind the scenes, there were chic gifts that President Nixon made personally to Ilyich Brezhnev. Thus, during his first visit to Moscow, the American president brings Brezhnev a generous gift - a Cadillac Eldorado, assembled by hand on a special order. I wonder for what merits at the highest level Nixon gives an expensive Cadillac at the first meeting? Or maybe the Americans were indebted to Brezhnev? And then - more. At the next meetings, Brezhnev is presented with a Lincoln limousine, followed by a sports Chevrolet Monte Carlo. At the same time, the silence of the Soviet Union about the American lunar scam could hardly be bought for a luxury car. The USSR demanded to pay big. Can it be considered a coincidence that in the early 70s, when the Americans allegedly landed on the moon, the construction of the largest giant, the KAMAZ automobile plant, began in the Soviet Union. Interestingly, the West allocated billions of dollars in loans for this construction, and several hundred American and European automobile companies took part in the construction. There were dozens of other projects in which the West, for such inexplicable reasons, invested in the economy of the Soviet Union. Thus, an agreement was concluded on the supply of American grain to the USSR at prices below the world average, which negatively affected the well-being of the Americans themselves.

The embargo on the supply of Soviet oil to Western Europe was also lifted, we began to penetrate into their gas market, where we are still successfully operating. In addition to allowing the US to do such a lucrative business with Europe, the West essentially built these pipelines itself. Germany provided a loan of more than 1 billion marks to the Soviet Union and supplied large-diameter pipes, which at that time were not being produced in our country. Moreover, the nature of warming demonstrates a clear one-sidedness. The US is doing favors to the Soviet Union while getting nothing in return. Amazing generosity, which can easily be explained by the price of silence about the fake moon landing.

By the way, recently the famous Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who defends the Americans everywhere and everywhere in their version of the flight to the moon, confirmed that the landing was filmed in the studio. Indeed, who will film the epochal opening of the hatch by the first man on the moon, if there is no one on the moon?

Destroying the myth that Americans landed on the moon is not just a minor fact. No. The element of this illusion is interconnected with all world deceptions. And when one illusion begins to collapse after it, according to the domino principle, the rest of the illusions begin to collapse. Not only are delusions about the greatness of the United States of America crumbling. Added to this is the misconception about the confrontation of states. Would the USSR play along with its irreconcilable enemy in the lunar scam? It's hard to believe, but, unfortunately, the Soviet Union played the same game with the United States. And if this is so, then it becomes clear to us now that there are forces that control all these processes, which are higher than the states.

The rumors that Apollo is a scam, in which the launches of Saturn-5 launch vehicles were real at best, started already in December 1968, during the flight of Apollo-8 around the moon. The campaign to expose the Apollo begins in 1974 with the release of the first book on the subject, We Never Went to the Moon: A Thirty Billion Fraud by Bill Kaising and Randy Reid. Moreover, Kaising worked at the Rocketdyne company, where engines for the Saturn-5 were manufactured. This fact gave special weight to his opinion.

Americans have not been to the moon They flew to the moon, but the films were lost ... Lies to Save the Nation A triumph, but the mother-in-law does not believe! Stubborn whys launch vehicle Photoshop made its way to the moon To the moon - without preparation? Fantastic landing accuracy Stones were collected on the moon. Where do you share? Tracked down, tracked down, but not tracked down Kennedy's Plans Failed The role of the USSR Opponents express doubts on all counts Russia's official position What Putin Says About the Moon Landing Roscosmos has no information Chinese scientists refute US lunar mission The big space lie about the moon landing

The theory of falsification of the US lunar program was most vividly expressed in the feature film "Capricorn-1", filmed in the same USA in 1978. He talked about how NASA faked the flight with the help of special effects. True, not to the Moon, but to Mars, but the hint was obvious.

The well-known American film director Stanley Kubrick, the author of "Space Odyssey - 2001", admitted that, by order of NASA, he imitated some alleged episodes of the astronauts' activities on the Moon in the film studio. But there is no malice here: NASA just wasn't sure that the telecast from the surface of Selena would be of high enough quality to give viewers an idea of ​​what the astronauts were doing there. So the agency recreated on Earth what should have happened on the Moon.

The most famous Russian author, Yuri Mukhin, wrote the book Anti-Apollo: The US Lunar Scam. A relatively new argument in anti-Apollo conspiracy theories concerns the engine. If the United States was really able in the mid-1960s to create such a powerful oxygen-kerosene engine as the F-1 (there were five of them on Saturn-5), then why did they then turn to Russia in the late 1990s with a request sell them almost half as powerful RD-180, also running on oxygen and kerosene?

Is this not confirmation that the Saturn 5 was actually a flying "rattle", the purpose of which was to give the impression of a super-powerful carrier, supposedly capable of delivering people to the moon?

They flew to the moon, but the films were lost ...

Causes serious suspicions and that circumstance. that, together with the original video recording of the first steps of people on the moon, the films with the telemetry recording of the operation of the lunar module systems and the data on the health of Armstrong and Aldrin transmitted to Earth during their stay on the moon also disappeared: a total of about 700 boxes with various kinds of films . However, according to Florida Today, film and television evidence is missing not only for the Apollo 11 mission, but for all eleven flights of the Apollo program, including near-Earth, near-lunar, and landing. In total - 13,000 films.

Lies to Save the Nation

Americans are such a people that fooled, fooled and wakes to fool all of humanity. Of course, among them there are many honest people who do not want to hide the truth. But they can not be attributed to the "discoverer" of the North Pole, American Robert Peary. Only in 1970, a camp was found in Greenland, where Piri sat for two months, not intending to go to the pole. And then he came and told everyone that he was there. Piri's diaries, found in the parking lot, told about everything.

But who cared then? The road is a spoon to dinner ... The train has already left, and now the Americans will be forever proud of their Piri - the "discoverer" of the North Pole. Until now, in some geography textbooks, one can read that the first person to visit the North Pole was the American Robert Peary. So it is now, all space passions remained in the 20th century, so the Americans will forever remain the people who first set foot on the moon.

Ambitious America, which considered itself the greatest country in the world, could not bear the space successes of the USSR.

President Kennedy had no choice but to presumptuously declare:

“By the end of the decade, we will land on the moon. Not because it's easy, but because it's difficult."

America, busy bombing Vietnam, threw insane money on the Great Task - to wipe the nose of the Russians.

And in 1969, in the presence of almost a million people gathered at the cosmodrome, a super-powerful hulk, the Saturn-5 launch vehicle, launched live.

She carried the Apollo spacecraft and three astronauts. "Apollo" flew up to the Moon, the lander separated from it, which landed safely on the moon, and Neil Armstrong got out of the capsule, saying the prepared: “This is a small step for a man, but a huge step for all mankind” .

For some reason, the eyes of an American do not shine with happiness, like those of our Yuri. Astronauts who have been on the moon are extremely taciturn and do not seek meetings, unlike our sociable astronauts. Armstrong generally lived in a castle with a descending bridge. So 82-year-old Neil Armstrong took his secret to the grave on August 24, 2012.

The world applauded. The Americans set up their flag, collected stones, took pictures, filmed a movie ...

Then the capsule took off from the lander, docked with the Apollo, then - a safe splashdown in the Pacific Ocean and an American triumph for all time.

A triumph, but the mother-in-law does not believe!

It was the name day of America, she went crazy with happiness, neither before nor after did the Americans rejoice like that. Then there were five more successful expeditions ...

Of the Soviet space minds, no one doubted, except for the General Designer Mishin, who replaced the deceased Korolev. During the live report, he smoked all the time and repeated:

“It’s impossible, Apollo won’t be able to break away from the earth’s orbit and head towards the moon…”

One must think he knew what he was saying ... But then the cheerful voice of the American commentator said: "Apollo has left Earth's orbit and is heading for the Moon" . Mishin could not understand anything, got up, left, slamming the door ... He realized that the Americans are smarter than us. We all believed it, but my wise mother-in-law would never believe it.

Then, more and more often, the voices of skeptics began to be heard, claiming that there were no flights to the moon, but there was a hoax. The American space agency NASA twirled a finger at the temple and declared that it would not discuss this issue with anyone. Why argue with cretins? And such cretins turned out to be journalists and their fellow bloggers ...

From the fundamental works, the book by Y. Mukhin first came out "Anti-Apollo" .

A recently published work by physicist A. Popov "Great Breakthrough or Space Scam" represents a huge amount of analyzed facts, which can be dismissed only by the Main Argument In All Disputes - You don’t understand anything!

The blogosphere is divided into three unequal parts: skeptics; fans of Americans; and the most numerous wise comrades - those who do not care.

Stubborn whys

— Why are the shadows cast by the stones clearly converging at an angle, while the shadows from the Sun are always parallel? Spotlight in the studio?

- Why is the surface of the moon illuminated unevenly, while the Sun should flood everything equally? Not enough lighting fixtures?

- Why is a crushed cockroach visible in the photograph of Armstrong's footprint?

- Why do astronauts jump 50 cm on film frames, while they should jump 2 meters?

- Why, when every gram of roads had to be transferred to an electric car (rover) and ridden on it?

- Why is the dust from under the wheels of the rover swirling like in the air.

- Why do the shadows give the estimated height of the Sun 30 degrees, while it was at that time at an angle of 10 degrees?

- Why is the astronaut clearly visible even when the Sun shines directly at his back? Backlight?

Why are there no stars in the lunar sky?

- Why did the engines of the landing module have to sweep away tons of dust from its place (Armstrong wrote: “We raised the dust hundreds of meters”), and under the nozzles of the engines the dust is pristine, as if the module was put by a truck crane? Etc.

Skeptics of lunar flights argue that astronauts' spacesuits on the moon, 80 centimeters thick, can serve as a salvation from radiation.

- One American specialist generally claims that the radiation belt around the Earth is insurmountable for a living being.

- During the "flight" to the moon, Armstrong wanted to go out into space for some kind of sting. Footage of Armstrong's spacewalk is exactly the same as astronaut Shepard's spacewalk footage from the Gemeni spacecraft three years earlier. Only in a mirror image and the color is slightly changed.

- Footage of how the Earth gradually decreases in size as the Apollo moves away from it - a cartoon made from a single photograph.

- "The moon is approaching" - a similar cartoon.

- A spectacular movie of flying over the Moon, when the shadow runs over the craters - shooting a huge lunar globe that NASA has.

- The lunomobile, in size, cannot fit into a capsule, even when folded.

- In the preparation of "flights to the moon" died in car accidents and otherwise 11 astronauts. Sad record. Shut the mouths of those who disagree?

launch vehicle

Launch vehicle "Saturn-5"

Some conspiracy theorists believe that the Saturn V rocket was never ready to launch, and make the following arguments:

After a partially unsuccessful test launch of the Saturn-5 rocket on April 4, 1968, a manned flight followed, which, according to N.P. Kamanin, was “the purest adventure” from the point of view of safety.
In 1968, 700 employees of the Marshall Space Research Center in Huntsville, Alabama, where the Saturn V was being developed, were fired.
In 1970, at the height of the lunar program, the chief designer of the Saturn-5 rocket, Wernher von Braun, was dismissed from the post of director of the Center and removed from the leadership of rocket development.
After the end of the lunar program and the launch of Skylab into orbit, the remaining two rockets were not used for their intended purpose, but were sent to the museum.
The absence of foreign cosmonauts who would fly on the Saturn-5, or would work on the superheavy object launched by this rocket into orbit - the Skylab station.
The lack of further use of F-1 engines or its descendants on subsequent missiles, in particular, the use instead of them on the powerful Atlas-5 rocket.

Fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 04/13/2019

The version about NASA's failures in the issue of creating hydrogen-oxygen engines is also being considered. Supporters of this version claim that the second and third stages of the Saturn V had kerosene-oxygen engines, like the first stage. The characteristics of such a rocket would not be enough to launch an Apollo with a full-fledged lunar module into a lunar orbit, but it would be enough for a manned spacecraft to fly around the Moon and drop a greatly reduced model of the lunar module to the Moon.

Photoshop made its way to the moon

Retouched NASA image in original and gamma corrected form. After gamma correction, digital retouching of the scanned image appears on the photo.

Retouched NASA image in original and gamma corrected form. After gamma correction, digital retouching of the scanned image appears on the photo.

The main debunker of this whole lunar production turned out to be ... Photoshop. After all, no one knew that 30 years after the "landing on the moon" there would be this damned computer program for processing images. When, with the help of it, the maximum brightness and contrast were added to the photographs, instead of the absolute black sky, painted backdrops appeared in the pictures, on which stripes of light from searchlights and shadows from astronauts became clearly visible. And traces of retouching were literally everywhere. The picture was especially touching: an astronaut at the American flag, directly above the flag - a distant Earth. With an increase in brightness-contrast in the lunar sky, the astronaut's shadow became clearly visible, and the Earth turned out to be a cardboard circle,

And then even cunning mathematicians, by combining two photographs taken with a pause of several seconds (hence, the camera shifted 20 centimeters to the side), calculated the distance to the lunar mountains, which are visible behind the astronauts. According to the globe, they are 5 kilometers away, according to measurements - 100 meters. The back, with painted mountains, definitely. And the line between the sandbox and the backdrop is very clearly visible ...

Then the fans of the Americans admitted through their teeth: “Well, yes, something was filmed in Hollywood for clarity. It's the Americans. But on the moon they were, were, were!

What color is the moon? According to NASA - the Moon is gray, according to Soviet scientists - brown. On December 15, 2013, the Chinese space mission Chang'e-3 transmitted images from the moon: The moon is brown! Here, NASA supporters (Vitaly Yegorov, aka Zelenyikot) caught on and came up with an explanation: “the white balance was not corny on the cameras.” This video proves that NASA supporters are wrong.

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Convincing proof of the fakery of photographs allegedly taken on the moon, which simultaneously depicted an astronaut, an American flag and the Earth. The proof is based on an analysis of the Earth's appearance using the Celestia astronomical program.

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The video uses photographs, the author of which is NASA, the materials of which are the property of all mankind. Photos published on flickr by link.
This video is published under a free Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

To the moon - without preparation?

The hundred-meter hulk Saturn-5 was supposed to deliver a module with a capsule to the moon, a three-story building high. The first test of the rocket with stretches was called successful. But during the second unmanned takeoff, the rocket wobbled and exploded.

A fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 09/30/2017

Yale University professor David Gelernter, science adviser to the American president, denies even the very possibility that the Americans were on the moon. And he argues...

“How can we organize a mission to Mars by an American team by the mid-2030s if we haven’t even been to the Moon? The idea itself is ludicrous, as is the entire Obama administration."— said the scientist. — "Apollo's lunar landing is a hoax in human history worse than global warming."

What is the logical conclusion in such cases? That's right, you need to test the rocket in unmanned mode until it starts flying like a clock. Then, again, without pilots, you need to send it to the Moon with its help and do all the necessary operations. It is clear that there should be many tests and, according to statistics, half of them will fail.

But the Americans are sending three astronauts to the moon in three weeks. Apollo 8 flew around the Moon remarkably well and returned to Earth beautifully. Also, Saturn-5 let us down by throwing Apollos-9, 10 to the Moon. And then it was Apollo 11's turn with Armstrong and the others. And everything is like clockwork. The most sophisticated space technology suddenly refused to fail. What god helped the Americans?

The lander has never landed on the moon without people. The landing capsule, accordingly, did not take off.

Nevertheless, all six American expeditions to the moon went off without a hitch. According to the theory of probability, this simply could not be

Our lunar rocket took off four times and exploded four times, after which the Soviet program was closed, since the Americans "were ahead of us anyway."

And it was supposed to first send two lunar rovers to our satellite. They had to carefully examine the landing site and choose the most even one. For with an inclination of more than 12 degrees, the lander will either not land or the capsule will not take off from it.

Then a spare rocket was supposed to land on the radio beacons from the lunar rovers. If she landed safely, the lunar rovers would examine her for the fact that she could safely launch from the moon. Only then would you launch the module with ONE astronaut. The second cosmonaut, and also the lunomobile, is an unaffordable luxury when every gram counts.

The Americans, however, did not touch these little things. After all, they were kept by the cosmic God.

Fantastic landing accuracy

And in one more question, the Americans wiped our nose - exactly the landing (splashdown). During landing, Gagarin was blown away for hundreds of kilometers, he was searched for almost a day from helicopters. And then the hits were not much closer.

But the splashdown accuracy of the American returnable capsules was from 2 to 15 kilometers. Amazing result. Our teeth gnashed with envy ... And only by the end of the 80s it became clear that, according to the laws of physics, landing with an accuracy of more than 40 kilometers was unattainable. But in the 60s, no one knew this yet.

Stones were collected on the moon. Where do you share?

And further. The Americans together "collected on the moon" as much as 400 kilograms of soil. The Soviet automatic station "Luna-16" brought only 100 grams. When the Americans were offered to exchange samples for research, they dragged on for almost three years, and only in 1972 they gave us as much as ... 3 grams.

Skeptics claim that it was then, finally, that the Sekveyer automatic station secretly flew to the moon and brought the same 100 grams of lunar powder. And no one has ever seen those 400 kilos of moonstones, they are kept behind seven locks and are not issued to anyone.

In total, the Americans gave us 28 grams of regolith - lunar sand, which three of our automatic stations delivered about three hundred grams. Moonstone - none!

There was a case. when a pebble was presented to a prince, but after the death of the prince, this pebble turned out to be a piece of petrified wood.

Fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 12/23/2017

Tracked down, tracked down, but not tracked down

The Americans, like the gypsies who inflate a horse with air in order to sell it, fictitiously increased the size of the launch rocket. A. Popov made out the takeoff of the Saturn-5 rocket in frames. And here's what I found. A quarter of a second before the separation of the first stage, a bright explosion occurs on the surface of the rocket. And for a hundredth part, it becomes clear how the outer hull of this hulk collapsed, under which a hull was found much smaller than the much less powerful American Saturn-1 rocket.

All the same evil tongues suggested that the Americans simply increased the size of Saturn-1 with the help of a casing. When she took off and disappeared from sight, her remains fell into the ocean.

Unfortunately, our prominent specialist and honored cosmonaut, respected Alexei Leonov, like everyone else, fell for the American lure of deceit. He fiercely defends the Americans and repeats all the time: “We tracked all stages of the Apollo flight. Alas, not tracked ...

Our space specialists followed the flight as well as the whole world, i.е. according to the "picture" provided by NASA. Only two Soviet scientific vessels that were in the Atlantic Ocean could follow the takeoff of Saturn-5. So, an hour before the “takeoff”, our ships were surrounded by the American Navy, helicopters, which turned on the jammers at full power.

Kennedy's Plans Failed

Yes, in the beginning the Americans honestly and enthusiastically took up the realization of Kennedy's dream. But a few years later, having threatened 25 billion, they were convinced that this was still impossible. We need more weeks-months-years, billions-billions... And the Russian turtles have already circled the moon. How could this be explained to taxpayers, to Congress?

And then NASA and the CIA created the Great Hoax during the Cold War.

Of course, many of us would like the Russian tricolor to be the first flag set on the Moon.

But, apparently, it will be the Chinese flag.

The role of the USSR

Yu. A. Gagarin and S. P. Korolev

One aspect of the "lunar conspiracy" theory is also attempts to explain the recognition by the Soviet Union of the American landing on the moon. Supporters of the "lunar conspiracy" theory believe that the USSR had no conclusive evidence of NASA falsifications, other than incomplete human intelligence data (or that the evidence did not appear immediately). The possibility of collusion between the USSR and the USA to conceal the alleged scam is assumed. The following versions of the reasons that could have prompted the USSR to enter into a "lunar collusion" with the United States and stop their lunar flyby and lunar landing manned lunar programs at the last steps of implementation are called:

1. The USSR did not immediately recognize the scam.
2. The leadership of the USSR refused to public exposure for the sake of political pressure on the United States (threats of exposure).
3. In exchange for silence, the USSR could receive economic concessions and privileges, such as the supply of wheat at low prices and access to the Western European oil and gas market. Among the possible assumptions are also personal gifts to the Soviet leadership.
4. The United States had political compromising information on the leadership of the USSR.

A fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 11/18/2017

Fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 12/09/2017

Opponents express doubts on all counts:

1. The USSR closely monitored the US lunar program both according to open sources and through a wide network of agents. Since falsification (if it existed) would require the participation of thousands of people, among them with a very high probability would be an agent of the Soviet special services. In addition, the lunar mission was subject to continuous radio-technical and optical monitoring from various points in the USSR, from ships in the World Ocean and, possibly, from aircraft, and the information received was immediately subjected to verification by specialists. Under such conditions, it is almost impossible not to notice the anomalies in the propagation of radio signals. In addition, there were six missions. Therefore, even if the deception had not been discovered immediately, it would have been easily discovered later.

2. This probably would have been possible in the 1980s, but not in the conditions of the Moon Race and the Cold War. In the USSR and in the World in those years there was euphoria from the successes of Soviet cosmonautics, which reinforced the thesis fundamental for the USSR and all Marxist movements about the "superiority of the socialist system over the capitalist one." For the USSR, the defeat in the "Moon Race" had significant negative ideological consequences both within the country and in the world, but the proof of the failure of the United States and falsification (if it really took place) was a very strong trump card in promoting the ideas of Marxism in the world, which would allow to give a new breath to the communist movements in the West, which by that time had begun to lose popularity. Against this background, the possible bonuses from the "collusion" with the United States for the USSR would not look very tempting. It should not be forgotten that the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s in the United States were marked by a fierce internal political struggle, and if there had been falsification, American politicians themselves could have exposed it in the course of the struggle. In this case, the USSR would not have received anything from its silence.

3. The principle of "Occam's razor" applies here. The reasons for the USSR's entry into the Western European oil and gas market have been well studied and it is not necessary to involve a possible conspiracy between the USA and the USSR to explain them. The price for the supply of wheat to the USSR was, although somewhat lower than the exchange prices, but this is due to the huge volumes of deliveries, self-delivery of products by the Soviet merchant fleet and the payment system that was beneficial for the West. The version about personal gifts is completely doubtful, since in such a vital issue for the superpowers, these gifts, obviously, should have been very valuable. Here it is even difficult to guess their content. In addition, after the collapse of the USSR, information about them would certainly become publicly available.

4. Before and after the Race to the Moon The United States conducted a continuous and tough information campaign to discredit the leadership of the USSR, using both real compromising materials and fakes created by special services. Among the leaders of states, a kind of "information immunity" to this kind of propaganda has developed, and it is unlikely that in such an environment any new materials would have been taken seriously with political consequences for the USSR.

A fragment of the program “Secrets of Chapman. What was really there? from 02.06.2017

Russia's official position

Making it clear to society that there should be no doubt about the truth of the statement about the flights of American astronauts to the moon, neither the country's top leadership nor domestic official science, in response to a direct question, provide a single piece of evidence that would sweep away all doubts and become an unconditional confirmation of their correctness. positions on this issue.

And if Russia, as one of the leading space powers in the world, and in the 20th century the USSR - the leader in the space race, cannot bring through the mouth of its leader or official science a single convincing fact proving or refuting the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, then all the information about these flights, published in textbooks, scientific and popular science literature, shown in newsreels, placed in the media, the Internet, displayed on postage stamps, badges, coins, etc., is a simple repetition of the version proposed by the Americans and is based either on the naive faith of people into this version, or, most likely, on the implementation by the authors of these products of the will of the highest officials of the state.

What Putin Says About the Moon Landing

What is the position of official Russia today on the issue of flights of American astronauts to the Moon? This question is best asked to the head of state, who, by his status, should be better than anyone else aware of the reliability of this global event.

A. Anisimov: Good afternoon, Vladimir Vladimirovich, my name is Alexey Anisimov, Novosibirsk. I have a question. Do you think the Americans landed on the moon, well, landed on the moon?

V. V. Putin: I think yes.

A. Anisimov: There is a version that ...

V. V. Putin: I know this version, but it seems to me that it is impossible to falsify such an event. This is the same as some claim that on September 11, the Americans themselves blew up these twin towers, they themselves directed the actions of the terrorists. Complete nonsense! Brad, this is impossible! ...Complete nonsense! The same applies to the moon landings: it is impossible to falsify an event of this magnitude.

A. Anisimov: Thanks.

V. V. Putin: We can say that Yuri Gagarin did not fly either - you can invent anything you like. Meanwhile, let's not forget about it, after all, our compatriot took the first step into space.

What conclusions can be drawn from this dialogue?

First. VV Putin knows the version according to which the Americans falsified the flights to the Moon.

Second. It turned out that V.V. Putin, being the head of state - a pioneer in space exploration, forty years after the flights of American astronauts to the moon, does not have reliable data that would unambiguously answer the question posed: yes, American flights to the moon are a reality, their reliability confirm such and such facts.

Third. V. V. Putin, although he had the opportunity to request information confirming or refuting the official version of the flights of American astronauts to the moon, in the archives of the special services, the Foreign Ministry and scientific organizations involved in space exploration, but for unknown reasons did not do this, but expressed his point of view as an ordinary citizen, who does not always have the opportunity to obtain reliable information from competent sources.

Putin's point of view is that American astronauts landed on the moon, although no new evidence is provided to confirm this, it just seems to him that it is impossible to falsify an event of this magnitude.

But if enough money is allocated, then anything can be falsified. The problem is only as a fake. And the higher the quality, the more likely the falsification will be perceived as reality.

But, as you know, doubts about the reliability of the American flights to the moon arose in the United States immediately after the completion of these flights and were not dispelled for forty years. It is believed that the basis for these doubts was the results of a close study of materials related to the flights of American astronauts to the Moon, but it can be assumed that the primary source of these doubts was a leak of information, intentionally or accidentally made by one of the organizers or performers of lunar flights.

But be that as it may, in reality, in the end, V.V. Putin turned out to be right that it is impossible to falsify such an event, and to be more precise, it is impossible to pass off the falsification of such an event as reality.

The response of the highest-ranking official does not contain any new information confirming the presence of American astronauts on the Moon, but only indicates that the head of state has developed his own personal opinion on this issue, based on indirect data and analogies.

It is surprising that an official, who by his status has access to any information owned by the state, did not cite a single fact, including from competent sources, confirming the authenticity of these flights, although he is familiar with the version of the falsification of flights.

Thus, the answer of the head of state to the question whether the Americans landed on the moon did not put an end to the dispute about the possible falsification of NASA manned flights to the moon.

Roscosmos has no information

Having expressed his opinion on this issue, V.V. Putin outlined the position of the state, namely, the flights to the moon declared by the Americans correspond to reality. This position is supported not by facts, but by the authority of the head of state, and, by default, this position should be guided by Russian state structures and official science.

However, having received the installation that flights to the moon are a reality, Russian state structures and official science did not receive convincing facts from NASA or the country's leadership confirming the reality of these flights to present them to the public.

The question of the presence of Americans on the moon was raised before V.V. Putin and in 2012.

So, V. Grinev in his article “To be or not to be?” ( Newspaper "In Their Own Names", N14, April 2, 2013) writes:

“In December of the past year, a conference was held by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, at which everyone could ask the head of state a question of interest to him ... and I asked the question in writing: "Have Americans been to the Moon or not?" . The question was not heard on the air, but an answer was soon received from the president's office that my question had been accepted and sent to Roskosmos. Some time later, a response was received from Roskosmos signed by the Chief Scientific Secretary of the NTS A. G. Milovanov. …Turns out, “Roscosmos does not have information confirming your point of view regarding the landing of Americans on the moon”. ... You can understand the answer of A. G. Milovanov from two angles: either A. G. Milovanov really does not know about the landing (or non-landing) of the Americans on the Moon - which is impossible to believe, or A. G. Milovanov, for one reason or another - more likely, he did not consider it necessary to be frank with me.

At first glance, it would seem that the right decision was made - to refer this issue to the relevant department dealing with space issues. But after all, neither Roskosmos nor its predecessors participated in the NASA program to send a man to the Moon and, accordingly, do not bear any responsibility for the accuracy of reports about these flights. Therefore, formally, Roskosmos cannot have information either confirming or refuting the landing of American astronauts on the moon.

Of course, such an agency as Roskosmos can be imagined as an expert whose activities are most related to the issue under discussion and which, dealing with space topics, can resolve a long-standing dispute. However, as can be seen from the excerpt from the letter of the Chief Scientific Secretary of the NTS of Roscosmos, Roscosmos does not act as an expert on this issue. And how can he take on such a role when such famous cosmonauts as G.M. Grechko and A.A. Leonov, who has no doubts about the flights of American astronauts to the moon, allow the Americans to make additional filming of "lunar episodes" in the studio.

The question arises, where should the question of the reliability of the lunar expedition be directed? Without a doubt, to the bodies of the foreign intelligence service (formerly the KGB of the USSR) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During the years of the Cold War, employees of these departments successfully obtained information important for the security of our country (atomic weapons, military-technical developments, the military potential of the enemy, etc.). It is impossible to imagine that such strategically important information as the first flight of a man to the moon would go unnoticed by these departments.

Nevertheless, as follows from the above article, the task of confirming or refuting the presence of American astronauts on the Moon is set before Roscosmos, as if the responsibility of this agency or its predecessors was to determine the reliability of information provided by other states in the field of space exploration.

Roskosmos is formally right in answering that it does not have information confirming the falsification of the landing of American astronauts on the moon. First of all, Roskosmos officially could not obtain such information from any sources (from higher management, other ministries and departments, foreign states and citizens), Secondly, the task of analyzing and evaluating the reliability of information about the flights of American astronauts to the moon was not set before Roscosmos.

Roskosmos's response does not refute, but does not prove the version accepted by the state that the flights of American astronauts to the moon really took place.

Probably, it would be more correct to ask Roskosmos to present evidence confirming the flights of American astronauts to the moon. But since V.V. Putin cited only one indirect argument as confirmation of these flights, then, apparently, it would be a problematic task for Roskosmos to prove the presence of American astronauts on the moon.

Voluntary a moratorium on the dissemination of information about these flights will allow not to “lose face” and preserve the scientific authority of the authors of works on the flights of American astronauts to the natural satellite of the Earth in case of receiving direct evidence of the falsification of lunar expeditions by the Americans.

Chinese scientists refute US lunar mission

Chinese scientists started exploring the moon not so long ago. And the first practical results were obtained about 10 years ago, when the research apparatus was launched " Chang'e-1» to the satellite of the Earth. Throughout the year, Chang'e-1 collected and transmitted data. These were photographs of the surface, from which a three-dimensional map was subsequently formed.

The second launched vehicle studied a certain area of ​​the Moon, where it was planned to land the next lunar module called " Chang'e-3" in 2013. China has become the third country in the world to successfully land a research vehicle on the surface of an earth satellite. True, for technical reasons, the module failed to complete all the tasks.

In addition, Chinese scientists are constantly monitoring the space object with the help of modern telescopes and equipment. The purpose of these studies is a detailed study of the surface of the Moon, as well as the search for a landing site for astronauts from the United States. Parts of the alleged American lunar landing site were photographed, as well as an area within a radius of 50 kilometers around.

In the course of these observations, it was possible to examine the lunar craters in detail. Even traces of impacts of large meteorites were visible. The giant telescope "Red Star" was sent to exactly the place that, according to NASA documents, is listed as the area where the American lunar module was left after the Apollo expedition. However, the landing stages of the American spacecraft, as well as the star-striped flag, did not fall into the field of view of scientists.

Based on the research carried out, representatives of the PRC made a statement on the official website of the China Space Agency that the Americans had not been to the moon. This caused a strong reaction from the public, due to the fact that many do not believe in the flights of astronauts from America to the moon.

Fragment of the program "Postscript" with Alexei Pushkov from 01.12.2018

The big US space lie about the moon landing

Russia has been and remains the leading space power. But at the same time, she has to literally survive in a serious struggle for orbit. Those who are commonly called "our Western partners" directly declare their superiority in space. And they are trying to achieve this superiority by all available means. Dozens of military satellites are launched into the sky, missile threats are announced and they are preparing to fly to Mars. At the same time, the fight is not always fair. For example, Russian cosmonauts in foreign blockbusters are shown as unshaven men in hats with earflaps. Or even forget about their existence. At the same time, Americans fly into space on Russian engines and are trained in Russian cosmonautics centers. So who is the boss in orbit?

Video of the TV channel "Zvezda" dated 08.10.2018 │ "Hidden threats" with Nikolai Chindyaykin

Each nation individually and all of humanity as a whole strives only forward to conquer new horizons in the development of the economy, medicine, sports, science, new technologies, including the study of astronomy and the conquest of space. We hear about big breakthroughs in space, but have they really happened? Did the Americans land on the moon, or was it just one big spectacle?

suits

Having visited the "US National Air and Space Museum" in Washington, anyone who wants to make sure: the American spacesuit is a very simple dressing gown, sewn in haste. NASA claims that the spacesuits were sewn at a factory for the production of bras and underwear, that is, their spacesuits were sewn from the fabric of shorts and they supposedly protect against the aggressive space environment, from radiation that is deadly for humans. However, maybe NASA has really developed ultra-reliable suits that protect against radiation. But why then was this ultra-light material not used anywhere else? Not for military, not for peaceful purposes. Why was help not provided with Chernobyl, albeit for money, as American presidents like to do? Well, let's say perestroika has not yet begun and they did not want to help the Soviet Union. But, after all, for example, in 79 in the USA at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant there was a terrible accident of the reactor unit. So why didn't they use durable spacesuits developed using NASA technology to eliminate radiation contamination - a time bomb on their territory?

Radiation radiation from the Sun is detrimental to humans. Radiation is one of the main obstacles to space exploration. For this reason, today all manned flights take place no further than 500 kilometers from the surface of our planet. But the Moon has no atmosphere and the level of radiation is commensurate with open space. For this reason, both in a manned spacecraft and in a spacesuit on the surface of the Moon, the astronauts had to receive a lethal dose of radiation. However, they are all alive.

Neil Armstrong and the other 11 astronauts lived an average of 80 years, and some are still alive today, like Buzz Aldrin. By the way, back in 2015, he honestly admitted that he had not been to the moon.

It is interesting to know how they were able to survive so well when a small dose of radiation is enough to develop leukemia, a cancer of the blood. As you know, none of the astronauts died of oncology, which raises only questions. Theoretically, it is possible to protect yourself from radiation. The question is, what protection can be sufficient for such a flight. Engineers' calculations show that to protect the astronauts from cosmic radiation, the walls of the spacecraft and the spacesuit at least 80 cm thick, made of lead, are needed, which, of course, was not there. Not a single rocket can lift such a weight.

The suits were not just hastily riveted, and they were missing the simple things necessary for life support. So in the spacesuits used in the Apollo program, there is no system for the withdrawal of waste products. The Americans, either throughout the flight with plugs in different places, endured, did not write or poop. Or everything that came out of them they immediately processed. Otherwise, they would simply suffocate on their excrement. It's not that the system for excreting waste products was bad - it was simply absent.

Astronauts walked on the moon in rubber boots, but it's interesting to know how they did it if the temperature on the moon ranges from +120 to -150 degrees Celsius. How did they get the information and technology to make shoes that are resistant to wide temperature ranges? After all, the only material that has the necessary properties was discovered after flights and began to be used in production only 20 years after the first landing on the moon.

official chronicle

The vast majority of space images of the NASA lunar program do not show stars, although they are abundant in Soviet space images. The black empty background in all the photographs is explained by the fact that there were difficulties with modeling the starry sky and NASA decided to completely abandon the sky in their images. At the time of the installation of the US flag on the moon, the flag was fluttering under the influence of air currents. Armstrong adjusted the flag and took a few steps back. However, the flag did not stop waving. The American flag fluttered in the wind, although we know that in the absence of an atmosphere and in the absence of wind as such, a flag cannot wave on the Moon. How could astronauts move so quickly on the Moon if gravity is 6 times lower than on Earth? An accelerated view of the astronauts' jumps on the Moon shows that their movements correspond to those on Earth, and the height of the jumps does not exceed the height of the jumps under the conditions of Earth's gravity. You can also find fault with the pictures themselves for a long time in the difference in colors and minor blunders.

Lunar soil

During the lunar missions under the Apollo program, a total of 382 kg of lunar soil was delivered to Earth, and soil samples were donated by the US government to leaders of different countries. True, without exception, the regolith turned out to be a fake of terrestrial origin. Part of the soil mysteriously simply disappeared from museums, another part of the soil after chemical analysis turned out to be terrestrial basalt or meteorite fragments. So BBC News reported that a fragment of lunar soil, stored in the Dutch museum Rijskmuseulm, turned out to be a piece of petrified wood. The exhibit was handed over to Dutch Prime Minister Willem Dries, and after his death, the regolith went to the museum. Experts doubted the authenticity of the stone back in 2006. Finally, this suspicion was confirmed by an analysis of the lunar soil, carried out by specialists from the Free University of Amsterdam, the conclusion of the experts was not comforting: a piece of stone is a fake. The American government decided not to comment on this situation in any way and simply hushed up the matter. Also, similar cases occurred in Japan, Switzerland, China and Norway. And such embarrassments were resolved in the same way, regoliths mysteriously either disappeared or were destroyed by fire or the destruction of museums.

One of the main arguments of the opponents of the lunar conspiracy is the recognition by the Soviet Union of the fact that the Americans landed on the moon. Let's analyze this fact in more detail. The United States was well aware that it would not be difficult for the Soviet Union to come out with a refutation and provide evidence that the Americans had never landed on the moon. And there was plenty of evidence, including material. This is the analysis of the lunar soil, which was transferred by the American side, and this is the Apollo 13 apparatus caught in the Bay of Biscay in 1970 with full telemetry of the launch of Saturn-5 launch vehicles, in which there was not a single living soul, there was not a single astronaut. On the night of April 11-12, the Soviet fleet lifted the Apollo 13 capsule. In fact, the capsule turned out to be an empty zinc bucket, there was no thermal protection at all, and its weight was no more than one ton. The rocket was launched on April 11, and a few hours later on the same day, the Soviet military finds a capsule in the Bay of Biscay.

And according to the official chronicle, the American apparatus circled the Moon and returned to Earth supposedly on April 17, as if nothing had happened. The Soviet Union at that time received irrefutable evidence of the falsification of the moon landing by the Americans and it had a fat ace up its sleeve.

But then amazing things began to happen. At the height of the Cold War, when a bloody war was going on in Vietnam, Brezhnev and Nixon, as if nothing had happened, meet like good old friends, smile, clink glasses, drink champagne together. History remembers this as the Brezhnev thaw. How can one explain the completely unexpected friendship between Nixon and Brezhnev? In addition to the fact that the Brezhnev thaw began quite unexpectedly, behind the scenes, there were chic gifts that President Nixon made personally to Ilyich Brezhnev. Thus, during his first visit to Moscow, the American president brings Brezhnev a generous gift - a Cadillac Eldorado, assembled by hand on a special order. I wonder for what merits at the highest level Nixon gives an expensive Cadillac at the first meeting? Or maybe the Americans were indebted to Brezhnev? And then - more. At the next meetings, Brezhnev is presented with a Lincoln limousine, followed by a sports Chevrolet Monte Carlo. At the same time, the silence of the Soviet Union about the American lunar scam could hardly be bought for a luxury car. The USSR demanded to pay big. Can it be considered a coincidence that in the early 70s, when the Americans allegedly landed on the moon, the construction of the largest giant, the KAMAZ automobile plant, began in the Soviet Union. Interestingly, the West allocated billions of dollars in loans for this construction, and several hundred American and European automobile companies took part in the construction. There were dozens of other projects in which the West, for such inexplicable reasons, invested in the economy of the Soviet Union. Thus, an agreement was concluded on the supply of American grain to the USSR at prices below the world average, which negatively affected the well-being of the Americans themselves.

The embargo on the supply of Soviet oil to Western Europe was also lifted, we began to penetrate into their gas market, where we are still successfully operating. In addition to allowing the US to do such a lucrative business with Europe, the West essentially built these pipelines itself. Germany provided a loan of more than 1 billion marks to the Soviet Union and supplied large-diameter pipes, which at that time were not being produced in our country. Moreover, the nature of warming demonstrates a clear one-sidedness. The US is doing favors to the Soviet Union while getting nothing in return. Amazing generosity, which can easily be explained by the price of silence about the fake moon landing.

By the way, recently the famous Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, who defends the Americans everywhere and everywhere in their version of the flight to the moon, confirmed that the landing was filmed in the studio. Indeed, who will film the epochal opening of the hatch by the first man on the moon, if there is no one on the moon?

Destroying the myth that Americans landed on the moon is not just a minor fact. No. The element of this illusion is interconnected with all world deceptions. And when one illusion begins to collapse after it, according to the domino principle, the rest of the illusions begin to collapse. Not only are delusions about the greatness of the United States of America crumbling. Added to this is the misconception about the confrontation of states. Would the USSR play along with its irreconcilable enemy in the lunar scam? It's hard to believe, but, unfortunately, the Soviet Union played the same game with the United States. And if this is so, then it becomes clear to us now that there are forces that control all these processes, which are higher than the states.