Man's relationship to nature. Consumer attitude towards the nature of modern man. How is unreasonableness manifested?

• Nature and man - do they need each other?
• What do science fiction writers warn about?
• When will natural reserves run out?
• Does reason contribute to the preservation of humanity as a species?

What is nature? Nature is the natural habitat of humans. Of course, we can also imagine a fantastic situation where people will be forced to create and live in some kind of artificial underground or alien world, where, with the help of the most complex technology, the necessary conditions for human existence will be created: the required temperature, pressure, air circulation, etc.

And even if we imagine that people will be able to adapt to these conditions and their race will not end, then, obviously, something essential will be lost. We read about the irresistible craving for the colors of the earth, for the warmth of the sun among children taken by their parents to rainy Venus and forced to spend almost all their time in shelters in the story of the American writer R. Bradbury “All Summer in One Day.” In the short interval between the rains, at that rare hour when the sun appears, the children left their basement. “The guys, laughing, threw themselves onto the continuous growth, as if on a living, elastic mattress... They rushed between the trees, slid and fell, pushed, played hide and seek and tag, but most importantly, frowning again and again, they looked at the sun until they began to run tears, and stretched their hands to the golden radiance and to the unprecedented blue, and inhaled this amazing freshness... And suddenly... Rare cold drops fell on the nose, on the cheeks, on the lips. The sun was obscured by a foggy haze. A cold wind blew. The guys turned and walked towards their basement house, their hands hung limply, they no longer smiled.”

Nature is a huge (until recently, seemingly inexhaustible) storehouse of those resources that people need in production activities and in Everyday life. Active waterfalls, navigable rivers, forests, ore, metals, coal - all this is actively used by people. If people now refuse to use, for example, fossil hydrocarbons - oil, coal - and civilization will collapse. We will go back to the Stone Age again.

Thus, nature serves as the natural basis for the life of human society. Therefore, trying to understand social essence man and his diverse connections with society, we cannot ignore questions about the role of nature in the formation and development of people, about their place among other living beings inhabiting our planet, about the influence of human economic activity on natural processes and the environment.

What is nature? Scientists use this word in two meanings. The first - broader - nature as the world around us in all its endless variety of manifestations. The second is nature as the biosphere of our planet, that is, the earth’s shell, engulfed in life. Life on Earth exists in forests, steppes and deserts, in the ocean and fresh water bodies, in high mountains and soil. Where neither plants nor animals can live, bacteria live, many of which do not need oxygen.

Human connection with nature. Let's turn to the biblical parable about the creation of the world. According to it, God created plants, animals, birds on different days and in such a way that they had nothing in common with each other: they were all created “according to their kind.” Man is a special matter. The Almighty created him in his own image. Thus, religious teaching, explaining the creation of the world adapted for human life, divided it into the inhabitants of earth, water, and air. Scientific knowledge speaks of the unity of the world. All living things on Earth are connected by the strongest ties of natural kinship and close interaction with each other. We will not present here the entire amount of scientific evidence of this fact. You will learn about them in biology lessons. Let us recall another famous story by R. Bradbury, “And the Thunder Rolled.” His characters used a time machine to travel to the distant past, 60 million years ago, to hunt dinosaurs. The company organizing such trips, it would seem, has taken everything into account so that guests from the future do not damage anything living in the primeval forest where the hunters will arrive. Here’s how one of the characters reasons: “Suppose we accidentally killed a mouse here. This means that all future descendants of this mouse will no longer exist - right?.. If ten mice are not enough, one fox will die. Ten foxes less... - all kinds of insects and vultures will die, an innumerable number of life forms will perish. And here's the result: after 59 million years, a caveman, one of the dozen that inhabit the whole world, driven by hunger, goes hunting for a wild boar or a saber-toothed tiger. But alas, my friend, by crushing one mouse, they thereby crushed all the tigers in these places. And the caveman dies of hunger. And this man... not just one person, no! This is a whole future people.” This man would have ten sons. A hundred would come from them, and so on, and a whole civilization would arise. Destroy one person and you will destroy an entire tribe, a people, a historical civilization. These arguments turned out to be prophetic. One of the travelers, leaving a specially laid path, accidentally crushed a butterfly. The consequences of this were reflected in the entire chain of subsequent events. The heroes realized this when they returned to their time.

The story was written by a science fiction writer. However, it is very instructive. How easy it is to break the connections that exist in nature, what irreversible consequences this can lead to. A person actively invading nature should always remember this. The great Russian scientist V.I. Vernadsky believed that the time would come when further development the planet, and therefore human society, will be guided by reason. The biosphere will gradually turn into the sphere of the mind. Later, a special term was coined - noosphere (translated from Latin - mind). The noosphere is understood as the area of ​​the planet covered by human activity and intelligent activity.

Does this mean that in the era of the noosphere, man will begin to reign supreme over nature, completely subordinating it to the development of civilization? No. Entry into this sphere presupposes, first of all, a change in man’s relationship with nature, such an organization public life, production, in which it is possible to ensure harmony in the development of nature and society. Time will tell if this is possible.

Is man the crown of nature? Science has proven that all modern organic world, plants and animals, and therefore humans, are the products of a developmental process that lasted millions of years.

What place did the emerging man take in the natural world? The ancient Chinese arranged all living beings in the form of a ladder: plants at the bottom, fish higher, animals even higher and humans, of course, on the top step. Since then, science has come a long way. However general ideas people about evolution as a ladder leading upward, on the last step of which a person stands, have changed little. Man is the king of nature, its crown. This is how people themselves determined their place in the sun. And for a long time nothing could shake these ideas. On the contrary, more and more new evidence was provided.

Firstly, man is endowed with reason. This allowed him to make a giant leap in exploring the world. In history lessons, you already learned how much even he could primitive in comparison with other living beings on Earth: he hunted collectively, used fire, created artificial tools from wood, flint, and bone.

Secondly, the ability to accumulate information about many specific phenomena and generalize it has opened up the opportunity for man to create something that does not exist in nature. This “second nature” created by the knowledge and labor of people, according to M. Gorky, is “culture in the precise and true sense of the word.”

Thirdly, the emerging human society began to obey its own laws, among which the requirements of morality came first. This was a huge step in the development of humanity. How and why was it made? Here is how the famous scientist academician N.N. Moiseev answers this question: “At first, man developed like all living things: difficult conditions of existence and natural selection were the reason for the rapid individual improvement of the proto-man. But then quickly individual development slowed down and finally stopped altogether: for tens of thousands of years, people have remained virtually unchanged*. The scientist further notes that the reason for this was the work, thanks to which Australopithecus (a representative of a species of terrestrial primates) was able to transform into a person of a modern physical form - homo sapiens (from Latin - a reasonable person). Knowledge and labor are what gradually became the guarantee of life for primitive tribes. Their representative, a bearer of knowledge and skills, mastering the secrets of the craft, usually turned out to be far from the bravest and strongest. And he was unlikely to be able to defend himself in the brutal struggle for survival. But it was this representative of primitive society that contributed most to the prosperity of this society. And it had to take him under its wing. The principle “thou shalt not kill” is gradually becoming a general prohibition among those primitive tribes whose descendants now inhabit the planet. And those who did not accept him were mercilessly erased from the face of the Earth by history.

Moral norms began to regulate people's relationships. This means that humanity has risen to new level development - from the primitive herd to public organization of people.

Thus, the power of the human mind, getting rid of the laws of wild nature, and the creation of a grandiose cultural building have led many to the conclusion that man is a higher being and lives according to his own laws, and nature is the source of resources for human life.

This means that the question posed at the end of the title of this text can be completely replaced with an exclamation mark.

However, let's not rush. It is human nature to doubt. And this is also one of the manifestations of his intelligence.

Top of the pyramid or link in the chain? We have already given the arguments of those who are convinced that man is the “crown of nature,” capable of disposing of it at his own discretion. However, there is another point of view, according to which man is only a link in a long chain of development of nature, which does not have a directional movement from simple to complex, and other organisms can replace man.

What arguments do its supporters put forward in defense of this point of view? Firstly, the very concept of progress (movement from simple to complex) was invented by people. Nature does not know any purposeful movement, otherwise it must be endowed with reason (only intelligent beings put forward a goal). Secondly, the division into simple and complex organisms is quite relative. It is difficult, for example, to even decide who is more difficult - a bee or a fish. A person, of course, is more complex than a blue-green algae, but none of his organs, perhaps, can be compared in complexity with the sucking apparatus of a bug.

Thirdly, the paleontological record of the planet contains stories about how many groups of animals disappeared, how giant amphibians were replaced by lizards, and then they too died out mysteriously quickly. But life did not disappear. New hosts came - mammals, and one of the branches raised a human. Conditions changed, and those groups of organisms that were better able to adapt to these changes won. Woe to the vanquished... Life does not stop. On this path we see the slow rise of some groups, quick takeoffs, and rapid crashes. Man, as a biological species, claiming to be the next king of nature, has an important advantage over his predecessors - intelligence. But will he be able to take advantage of this?

Fourthly, a person is endowed with reason, but does not always perform reasonable actions. This is primarily manifested in his attitude towards nature only as a workshop in which he is allowed to manage uncontrollably. Today we have to pay for such an attitude.

So, both sides presented their arguments. Which position did you choose? Or maybe you have your own, special point of view on the place of man on the “ladder of living beings”, on the problem of evolution, its progressive orientation?

Basic Concepts

• Nature, biosphere, natural habitat.

Terms

• Noosphere, “second nature”.

Self-test questions

1. Expand the basic meanings of the concept “nature”.
2. What is the role of nature in human life and society?
3. How is the natural unity of the world expressed?
4. What is the meaning of the concept “noosphere”?
5. How, according to V. Vernadsky, are the biosphere and noosphere connected?
6. What possibilities has the mind opened up for humanity?
7. In your opinion, is the statement correct: nature created man and society, and society created culture? Give reasons for your answer.
8. What is the significance of moral norms and prohibitions in the life of society?
9. Is progress inherent in the development of nature? Explain your conclusion.
10. What is the unreasonable attitude of man towards nature?

Tasks

1. Show examples of the impact you know. natural conditions on economic activity of people. Is this connection strengthening or weakening? Explain why.
2. Analyze what in R. Bradbury’s story “And the Thunder Rolled” can be classified as pure fantasy, and in what ways the author showed himself to be a deep realist.
3. Bacteria can live in places and at temperatures that humans cannot withstand. They have existed for billions of years, and there is no reason why they should cease to exist. Sea turtles, which have a brain the size of a pea, appeared on Earth much earlier than humans and survived many natural disasters that destroyed more “intelligent” species. Humanity, having emerged relatively recently by the standards of biological evolution, has already put its existence in jeopardy.

   Think about whether, based on these facts, it is possible to conclude that the role of intelligence in the preservation of the species is insignificant. Justify your conclusion.

4. Try to explain the following fact: is it an indicator of the presence of consciousness in animals?

   American anthropologists in one of the zoos taught orangutans sign language. An orangutan named Chaptek learned, for example, that for cleaning his premises he gets coins that he can spend on treats; plastic chips were initially used as money. Chaptek decided to increase his cash reserves by breaking each chip in half. Then tokens became money. Chaptek began to find pieces of foil and tried to counterfeit “money.”

5. You read in the newspaper: “After the typhoon, the beach was covered with a thick layer of rotting algae. Thousands of bivalves washed ashore. Hundreds of birds died. Eight fishermen were injured, one of them was taken to hospital in serious condition.”

   Human sacrifices are incommensurate with those suffered by birds and sea inhabitants, and there is no need to talk about algae. The more opportunities there are to preserve each individual life of a biological species, the higher its place on the “ladder of progress.”

   Express your opinion on this point of view.

About nature and man, seriously and not so seriously

“Nature is the only history whose content is equally significant on all its pages”:
- - - J. W. Goethe (1749-1832) - German poet, philosopher, scientist.

“The joy of seeing and understanding is the most beautiful gift of nature”:
- - - A. Einstein (1879-1955) - German theoretical physicist.

“The monkey didn’t just turn into a human - it became a human through its own labor.”
- - - D. Rudny (1926-1983) - Ukrainian writer.

About philosophy briefly and clearly: HUMAN RELATIONS TO NATURE. All the basics, the most important thing: very briefly about HUMAN RELATIONSHIP TO NATURE. The essence of philosophy, concepts, directions, schools and representatives.

HISTORICAL FORMS OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIP TO NATURE

Nature is usually understood as non-social.

The kingdom of nature does not include only that which essentially stands out from the universe of “man and society.” In this regard, they often talk about the relationships “nature and society”, “man and nature”. Society and man have a certain natural basis of existence, but in their specificity they are opposed to nature. The often used expression “second nature,” i.e., “humanized nature,” can be misleading. No matter how man manipulates nature, it remains itself. Man is not able to create a second nature, but he gives it symbolic meaning. Second nature is nothing more than nature in its symbolic meaning.

The concepts “nature” and “matter” are very close in meaning. Matter is an objective reality. Matter, unlike nature, does not contain mental phenomena of the animal world; otherwise, nature and matter coincide. The concept of nature is given a more vivid pragmatic meaning than the concept of matter. Nature, due to its enduring significance, has always been the subject of philosophical analysis.

Ancient philosophy is built on the primacy of the natural. Outstanding ancient Greek philosophers perceived nature as the fullness of being, something aesthetically beautiful, the result of the purposeful ordering activity of the demiurge (Plato). Ancient philosophers often spoke from the position of hylozoism, considering the Cosmos to be alive (hyle - life) as a whole.

Medieval Christianized philosophy develops the concept of the deterioration of nature as a result of the Fall of man. God stands immeasurably high above nature.

The Renaissance, opposing the medieval sharp opposition between God and nature, brings them closer and quite often reaches the point of pantheism, the identification of God and the world, God and nature. For J. Bruno, God simply became nature.

In modern times, nature for the first time becomes the object of careful scientific analysis and, at the same time, a field of active practical human activity, the scale of which is constantly increasing due to the success of capitalism.

The need for such an organization of interaction between society and nature that would meet the current and future needs of developing humanity was expressed in the concept of the noosphere by P. Teilhard de Chardin and E. Leroy and V.I. Vernadsky. The noosphere is the area of ​​dominance of the mind.

In our opinion, there are 4 fundamental facts that express the “human face” of nature.

Firstly, nature is such that it has the ability to give birth to man. The universe is such that the emergence of human life is a constant possibility.

Secondly, man is born “from nature.” This is indicated at least by the process of childbirth.

Thirdly, the natural basis of man is the foundation on which only the emergence of non-natural, i.e. specifically human existence, psyche, consciousness, etc. is possible.

Fourthly, in natural material a person symbolizes his unnatural properties. As a result, nature becomes the foundation of society, social life.

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Writing an essay in the Unified State Exam is one of the most difficult stages for a future student. As a rule, testing part “A” does not present any problems, but many people have difficulties with writing an essay. Thus, one of the most common problems that are covered in the Unified State Exam is the problem careful attitude to nature. Arguments, their clear selection and explanation are the main task of a student taking an exam in the Russian language.

Turgenev I. S.

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is still very popular among both the younger generation and their parents. This is where the issue of caring for nature comes into play. Arguments in favor of the topic addressed are as follows.

The main idea of ​​the work in the field of environmental protection is: “People forget where they were born. They forget that nature is their original home. It was nature that allowed the birth of man. Despite such profound arguments, every person does not pay due attention to the environment. But all efforts should be aimed at preserving it first and foremost!”

Bazarov's attitude to nature

The main figure here is Evgeny Bazarov, who is not concerned about caring for nature. This man’s arguments sound like this: “Nature is a workshop, and man is a worker here.” It is difficult to argue with such a categorical statement. Here the author shows a renewed mind modern man, and, as you can see, he succeeded perfectly! Now the arguments in favor of the defense environment relevant in society more than ever!

Turgenev, in the person of Bazarov, presents to the reader a new man and his mind. He feels complete indifference to generations and all the values ​​that nature can give to humanity. He lives in the present moment, does not think about the consequences, and does not care about man’s caring attitude towards nature. Bazarov’s arguments boil down only to the need to realize one’s own ambitious desires.

Turgenev. The relationship between nature and man

The above-mentioned work also touches on the problem of the relationship between man and respect for nature. The arguments given by the author convince the reader of the need to show concern for Mother Nature.

Bazarov completely rejects all judgments about the aesthetic beauty of nature, about its indescribable landscapes and gifts. The hero of the work perceives the environment as a tool for work. Bazarov's friend Arkady appears in the novel as the complete opposite. He treats with dedication and admiration what nature gives to man.

This work clearly highlights the problem of caring for nature; arguments in favor of a positive or negative attitude towards the environment are determined by the behavior of the hero. Arkady, through unity with her, heals his spiritual wounds. Eugene, on the contrary, strives to avoid any contact with the world. Nature does not give positive emotions to the person who does not feel peace of mind and does not consider himself a part of nature. Here the author emphasizes a fruitful spiritual dialogue both with oneself and in relation to nature.

Lermontov M. Yu.

The work “Hero of Our Time” touches on the problem of caring for nature. The arguments that the author gives relate to the life of a young man named Pechorin. Lermontov shows the close relationship between the mood of the protagonist and natural phenomena, the weather. One of the paintings is described as follows. Before the duel began, the sky seemed blue, transparent and clean. When Pechorin looked at Grushnitsky’s dead body, “the rays did not warm” and “the sky became dim.” The connection between internal psychological states and natural phenomena is clearly visible here.

The problem of caring for nature is addressed here in a completely different way. The arguments in the work show that natural phenomena depend not only on their emotional state, but also become involuntary participants in events. So, a thunderstorm is the reason for the meeting and long meeting between Pechorin and Vera. Further, Grigory notes that “the local air promotes love,” meaning Kislovodsk. Such techniques show respect for nature. Arguments from the literature once again prove that this area is vital not only on the physical level, but also on the spiritual and emotional level.

Evgeny Zamyatin

Yevgeny Zamyatin’s vivid dystopian novel also shows a caring attitude towards nature. The essay (arguments, quotes from the work, etc.) must be supported by reliable facts. So, describing literary work entitled “We”, it is important to pay attention to the absence of a natural and natural beginning. All people give up a varied and separate life. The beauties of nature are replaced by artificial, decorative elements.

Numerous allegories of the work, as well as the suffering of number “O”, speak of the importance of nature in human life. After all, it is precisely such a beginning that can make a person happy, give him feelings, emotions, and help him experience love. It shows the impossibility of the existence of verified happiness and love using “pink cards”. One of the problems of the work is the inextricable relationship between nature and man, without which the latter will be unhappy for the rest of his life.

Sergey Yesenin

In the work “Go, my dear Rus'!” Sergei Yesenin touches on the problem of the nature of his native places. In this poem, the poet refuses the opportunity to visit paradise, just to stay and devote his life to his native land. Eternal bliss, as Yesenin says in his work, can only be found on his native Russian soil.

Here the feeling of patriotism is clearly expressed and the Motherland and nature are inextricably linked concepts that exist only in interrelation. The very realization that the power of nature can weaken leads to the collapse of the natural world and human nature.

Using arguments in an essay

If you use arguments from works of art, it is necessary to comply with several criteria for the presentation of information and presentation of material:

• Providing reliable data. If you do not know the author or do not remember the exact title of the work, it is better not to indicate such information in the essay at all.
• Present information correctly, without errors.
• The most important requirement is the brevity of the material presented. This means that sentences should be as succinct and short as possible, providing a complete picture of the situation being described.

Only if all the above conditions are met, as well as sufficient and reliable data, you will be able to write an essay that will give you the maximum number of exam points.

You will learn from this article how the unreasonable attitude of man towards nature manifests itself.

What is the relationship between man and nature?

Man, in the process of his evolution, was endowed with reason. But this does not mean that he performs only reasonable actions. First of all, this is manifested in people’s attitude towards nature. Man believes that he is allowed to rule the planet uncontrollably and at his own discretion. Such behavior cannot go unpunished - we and our descendants will pay the price.

But why doesn’t man protect his natural habitat? Why do we, higher beings, act so stupidly - destroy what was created for so long before us? You can fantasize and imagine that humanity will come up with its own artificial alien or underground world, where all the conditions for existence will be created with the help of technology. But then we will lose much more, we will lose something that will be practically impossible to return - our nature.

Previously, people treated nature more carefully, sometimes fearing God and respecting it. With development technological process, new mechanisms and robotic technology, we have forgotten that we are not omnipotent, although we seem so to ourselves. Overuse of the planet's resources leads to its depletion. Excessive emissions of waste into water, air and land pollute our environment and make it uninhabitable.

And nature reciprocates to man: global warming, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and earthquakes, storms and hurricanes. And this is only a small part. Needless to say that man’s unreasonable attitude towards nature leads to the reduction of animals and flora. Perhaps our ancestors will see a titmouse or a fox, a whale or a toad only in the picture. Therefore, a person should think about his attitude towards the environment and take measures to preserve nature for our children.

Surrender of the One state exam- this is just a small test that every schoolchild will have to go through on the way to adulthood. Already today, many graduates are familiar with submitting essays in December, and then with passing the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The topics that may come up for writing an essay are completely different. And today we will give several examples of what works can be taken as an argument “Nature and Man”.

About the topic itself

Many authors have written about the relationship between man and nature (arguments can be found in many works of world classical literature).

To properly reveal this topic, you need to correctly understand the meaning of what you are being asked about. Most often, students are asked to choose a topic (if we are talking about an essay on literature). Then you can choose from several statements by famous personalities. The main thing here is to read the meaning that the author introduced into his quote. Only then can the role of nature in human life be explained. You will see arguments from the literature on this topic below.

If we are talking about the second part of the exam paper in the Russian language, then here the student is given the text. This text usually contains several problems - the student independently chooses the one that seems easiest to him to solve.

It must be said that few students choose this topic because they see difficulties in it. Well, everything is very simple, you just need to look at the works from the other side. The main thing is to understand what arguments from the literature about man and nature can be used.

Problem one

Arguments (“The problem of man and nature”) can be completely different. Let's take such a problem as man's perception of nature as something living. Problems of nature and man, arguments from literature - all this can be put together into one whole, if you think about it.

Arguments

Let's take Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace. What can be used here? Let us remember Natasha, who, leaving the house one night, was so amazed by the beauty of peaceful nature that she was ready to spread her arms like wings and fly away into the night.

Let us remember the same Andrey. Experiencing severe emotional unrest, the hero sees an old oak tree. How does he feel about this? He perceives the old tree as a powerful, wise creature, which makes Andrey think about the right decision in his life.

At the same time, if the beliefs of the heroes of “War and Peace” support the possibility of the existence of a natural soul, then the main character of Ivan Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” thinks completely differently. Since Bazarov is a man of science, he denies any manifestation of the spiritual in the world. Nature was no exception. He studies nature from the point of view of biology, physics, chemistry and others natural sciences. However, natural wealth does not inspire any faith in Bazarov - it is only an interest in the world around him, which will not change.

These two works are perfect for exploring the theme “Man and Nature”; it is not difficult to give arguments.

Second problem

The problem of man's awareness of the beauty of nature is also often found in classical literature. Let's look at the available examples.

Arguments

For example, the same work by Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”. Let's remember the first battle in which Andrei Bolkonsky took part. Tired and wounded, he carries the banner and sees clouds in the sky. What emotional excitement Andrei experiences when he sees the gray sky! Beauty that makes him hold his breath, that gives him strength!

But besides Russian literature, we can consider works of foreign classics. Let's take famous work Margaret Mitchell "Gone with the Wind" The episode of the book when Scarlett, having walked a long way home, sees her native fields, albeit overgrown, but so close, such fertile lands! How does the girl feel? She suddenly stops being restless, she stops feeling tired. A new surge of strength, the emergence of hope for the best, the confidence that tomorrow everything will be better. It is nature, landscape native land saves a girl from despair.

Third problem

Arguments (“The role of nature in human life” is a topic) are also quite easy to find in the literature. It is enough to recall just a few works that tell us about the influence nature has on us.

Arguments

For example, “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway would work well as an argumentative essay. Let's remember the main features of the plot: an old man goes to sea for big fish. A few days later he finally has a catch: a beautiful shark is caught in his net. Waging a long battle with the animal, the old man pacifies the predator. While the main character moves towards the house, the shark slowly dies. IN all alone the old man begins to talk with the animal. The way home is very long, and the old man feels how the animal becomes like family to him. But he understands that if the predator is released into the wild, he will not survive, and the old man himself will be left without food. Other sea animals appear, hungry and smelling the metallic scent of the wounded shark's blood. By the time the old man arrives home, there is nothing left of the fish he caught.

This work clearly shows how easy it is for a person to get used to the world around him, how difficult it is often to lose some seemingly insignificant connection with nature. In addition, we see that man is able to withstand the elements of nature, which acts exclusively according to its own laws.

Or let’s take Astafiev’s work “The Fish Tsar”. Here we observe how nature is capable of reviving all the best qualities of a person. Inspired by the beauty of the world around them, the heroes of the story understand that they are capable of love, kindness, and generosity. Nature causes them to manifest best qualities character.

Fourth problem

The problem of environmental beauty is directly related to the problem of the relationship between man and nature. Arguments can also be drawn from Russian classical poetry.

Arguments

Let's take the Silver Age poet Sergei Yesenin as an example. We are all already high school We know that in his lyrics Sergei Alexandrovich praised not only female beauty, but also natural beauty. Coming from a village, Yesenin became an absolutely peasant poet. In his poems, Sergei glorified Russian nature, paying attention to those details that remain unnoticed by us.

For example, the poem “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry” perfectly paints us the image of a blooming apple tree, the flowers of which are so light that they actually resemble a sweet haze among the greenery. Or the poem “I remember, my love, I remember,” which tells us about unhappy love, with its lines allows us to plunge into a beautiful summer night, when linden trees are in bloom, the sky is starry, and somewhere in the distance the moon is shining. It creates a feeling of warmth and romance.

Two more poets of the “golden age” of literature, who glorified nature in their poems, can be used as arguments. “Man and nature meet in Tyutchev and Fet. Their love lyrics constantly intersects with descriptions of natural landscapes. They endlessly compared the objects of their love to nature. Afanasy Fet’s poem “I came to you with greetings” became just one of these works. Reading the lines, you don’t immediately understand what exactly the author is talking about - about love for nature or about love for a woman, because he sees infinitely much in common in the features of a loved one with nature.

Fifth problem

Speaking about arguments (“Man and Nature”), one can encounter another problem. It consists of human intervention in the environment.

Arguments

An argument that will reveal an understanding of this problem can be called “ dog's heart» Mikhail Bulgakov. Main character- a doctor who decided to create a new man with the soul of a dog with his own hands. The experiment did not bring positive results, created only problems and ended unsuccessfully. As a result, we can conclude that what we create from a ready-made natural product can never become better than that, what was originally, no matter how much we tried to improve it.

Despite the fact that the work itself has a slightly different meaning, this work can be viewed from this angle.