Birds of Mordovia. Photo report “Excursion to the Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after P.

Maria Rogozhkina

Our motherland rich in forests, fields, meadows, flowers. We have a lot of mushrooms, berries, flowers, animals in our forests, and fish in our rivers and lakes.

Do you know what it is" reserve".

Reserve- it's almost a fairy-tale forest. Nature reserves are protected by the state. In them, animals, birds, insects and fish, herbs and mighty trees live nearby and grow calmly. No one here shoots, catches butterflies, picks flowers or destroys trees. IN reserves Not only hunting and fishing are prohibited, but also picking berries and mushrooms. Life here flows according to its own rules and sets these rules itself. nature.

Not far from our city Temnikov in the village of Pushta there is Mordovian reserve named after. P.G. Smidovich

We visited preparatory group No. 1 in reserve and got to know some of its inhabitants better.

Many rare plants, mushrooms and animals are found in Mordovian Nature Reserve, including lady's slipper orchids, neottiantha capulata, rare lichens lobaria pulmonata and menegasia drilled, ram mushroom.

Lady's slipper

Ram mushroom

Different types of butterflies.

Forests Mordovian Nature Reserve are a refuge for ungulates and predatory animals - elk, deer, wild boar, marten, lynx, brown bear, wolf, fox,

IN reserve There are more than 60 species of mammals, of which 5 were introduced by humans or independently settled from neighboring territories - red deer, sika deer, bison, raccoon dog, muskrat, brown bear, elk, wood grouse, hazel grouse.

Territory reserve inhabited by birds - approximately 215 species.

In addition, in bodies of water reserve There are about 32 species of fish

Age of trees on site reserve reaches 140-150 years.

We were especially impressed by the premiere of a puppet show based on Mordovian folk tale"Ophto-honey paw". The main character of the tale is a bear - an animal for the ancient Mordovians. In the fairy tale shown, the bear personifies power, eternity, strength nature, against which a person is powerless, no matter how smart and cunning he is.

Master class on origami called huge interest, and all the children enjoyed making various paper bird figures.

Visit purpose reserve: introducing children to the concept of " reserve"and the role of man in the life of its inhabitants, the formation of children's ideas about the flora and fauna reserve; consolidation of rules of conduct in reserve; nurturing children to have a good attitude towards nature using the example of his native land.

Thanks to the staff reserve for a fascinating excursion.

Publications on the topic:

There is a place where I will rest. Yu. Lermontov Not far from the city of Penza, about 100 km, is the village of Lermontovo. In the territory.

On October 16, 2015, the republican competition of Mordovian crafts “Baban Par” started. I decided to take an active part in it.

Summary of GCD in the preparatory group “State Natural Reserve “Belogorye” Nature reserves day. Andreeva E.V., teacher, MBDOU " Kindergarten“Rosinka” of a general developmental species in the town of Biryucha.” GCD in preparatory group.

Good afternoon, dear colleagues! I would like to present to your attention a photo report of how my children and I visited the NIZHNY NOVGOROD STATE ART FACILITY.

Over the weekend we discovered the world native nature. The city of Sarov is located on the territory of the Mordovian State Nature Reserve.

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those that fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. AND different types birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to warmer countries, and sedentary birds adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

• Sparrow. Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

• Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. You can often see mixed flocks of both sparrows and tits at feeders.

• Gaichka. A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

The chickadee is a special type of tit

• Crow. Ravens are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

• Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different parts of the Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily exchange rocks, which are their natural habitat, for man-made structures.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

• Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the cold winter, they can also feed on plant foods: seeds and nuts.

• Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird of high intelligence; it is capable of expressing a lot of emotions, including sadness, and can recognize its reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

• Owl. Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed with acute vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to lead a nocturnal lifestyle. It’s interesting that the tufts on an owl’s head are not ears; owls’ real ears are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downward, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

• This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

• A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. The name of the bird, according to different versions, means “inedible” or “insatiable.”

• Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

• Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

• Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

• Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

• Waxwing. A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

• Jay. A large bird, which, however, can fly to feast on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

• Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

• . A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

• Grouse. It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the largest population of these birds lives in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

• Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

• Falcon. It is considered one of the smartest birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

• . Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

• Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally, some of them remain to winter in central Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

• They really like to fly to freshly dug ground, sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

• This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to the eastern part of the continent - Kenya and Ethiopia - for the winter. However, local residents cannot enjoy their singing, because nightingales sing only during the mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

• Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on the steep walls of quarries that people have dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

• Chizh. Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

• Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and move to lands with a warmer climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

• A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, southern Asia, and sometimes southern Europe.

• Quail. The only bird from the Galliformes order that is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

• Thrush. The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. And his appearance, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

• Lark. Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

• Gull. With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts northern seas, migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

• . Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to the southern part of the continent.

• Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to winter Southern Europe and East Africa.

This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

• Finch. Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

• Heron. It is quite difficult to determine where herons winter; some of them travel huge distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or Kuban, and in Stavropol region herons sometimes even stay for the winter.

• Crane. These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

• Stork. In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

• Swan. The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

• Duck. Wild ducks, as a rule, do not fly far in winter and remain in the vast expanses of post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

• . Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa for the winter; less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: India and China.

• . A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

• . They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to spend the winter and are among the first to return home.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Slide 2

Slide 3: presentation of migratory birds

Why do migratory birds fly to warmer regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter - ordeal for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

• Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
• Some birds are not afraid of people and live near residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
• Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can feed on hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But in reality there are more questions here than answers. For example, imagine that a wild duck, which is a migratory bird, is provided with an artificially heated pond and a sufficient amount of food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. She will be called to long journey, a strong feeling that is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

It turns out that birds fly to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate magnetic field Earth.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, at the genetic level, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Do migratory birds build nests in the south?

Birds wintering in warm regions do not lay eggs or hatch chicks, which means they do not need a nest. Only chicks that migratory birds will hatch in their homeland need a nest.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

They arrive first in the spring rooks. These birds are returning to their homeland in early spring when the first thawed patches appear in the snow. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

• Komarov
• Moshek
• Horseflies
• Zhukov
• Cicadas
• Butterflies

Since the emergence of a large number of adult flying insects from larvae requires warm weather and about two weeks of time, the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Which birds are the first and last to fly away in the fall?

With the onset of autumn cold weather, insects complete their active life cycle and hibernate. Therefore, the birds that feed on insects are the first to fly to warmer climes. Then the birds fly away and feed on the plants. Waterfowl are the last to fly away. There is enough food in the water for them even in autumn. And they fly away before the water in reservoirs begins to freeze.

VIDEO: Birds fly south

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

By folk signs, if a flock of wild ones flew south geese— you need to wait for the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather events. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends on the weather conditions in autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is quail. The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east, these birds live up to the western coast of Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

VIDEO: How do migratory birds fly?

Uchaikina Dasha

Research

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Research project

“The waxwing belongs to the group of nomadic birds”

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………. 2

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Description and features of the waxwing…………………………………….. 5

1.2 Groups of birds depending on the nature of seasonal migrations………... 7

1.3 Waxwings, migratory or not?.................................................... ....................7

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Mordovian Nature Reserve named after Smidovich……………………………… 8

2.2 Reserve data………………………………………………………. 9

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………... 11

LITERATURE…………………………………………………………………. 12

Introduction

Late autumn has arrived. With the onset of cold weather, birds fly away to warmer climes, to places where there is more food; some birds remain to spend the winter. And winters in Mordovia are cold and snowy. And in places where rowan clusters glow, waxwings will appear. In the lines of the Mordovian poet Tatyana Malancheva, a member of the Union of Writers of Russia, Laureate of the Prize of the Head of the Republic of Mordovia, the author of three books: “Heavenly Conversation”, “Waxwings”, “Translations of Poets of Mordovia”, published by the MRO LLC “Literary Fund of Russia”, I first heard beautiful word “waxwings”:

And the apples will fall off along with the leaves...
For whom did they hang?
I won't disturb your peace at all...
Fly away, my waxwings...

Work from the book of lyrics "Waxwings", 2016

And I wanted to know about this bird.

Purpose of the study:find out that the waxwing belongs to the group of nomadic birds according tothe nature of seasonal flights.

Tasks:

Study and systematize literature on the topic;

Identify the characteristic features of these birds, their distribution;

Visit environmental event, dedicated to environmental problems on October 10 at the National Library named after A.S. Pushkin;

Send a request about living on the territory of the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after

Smidovich birds waxwing;

Use the digital resource “Birds bythe nature of seasonal flights" for testing classmates;

Draw conclusions.

Relevance This work is as follows. Currently, our republic is hosting the All-Russian ecological and cultural campaign “Feed the Birds in Winter,” which starts annually on November 12, which has been held since 2002 on the initiative of the Russian Bird Conservation Union. The study and protection of birds is also carried out in the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after Smidovich, whose employees on October 10 at the National Library named after A.S. Pushkin held an event dedicated to environmental problems. It was the environmental educational materials from this organization’s website about waxwings that attracted my attention. My classmates know nothing about waxwings (analysis of work with the resource “Birds bynature of seasonal migrations"), they were unable to name which group of birds the waxwing belongs to depending on seasonal migrations. The material presented in the work will help expand general knowledge about the birds of Mordovia.

Research hypothesis.

The behavior of the waxwing in winter characterizes it as a bird that can be classified as a sedentary-nomadic group of birds due to the nature of its seasonal migrations.

Object My work's research is the waxwing bird.

Subject of study: waxwings belong to the group of sedentary nomadic birds.

Research methodswere determined in accordance with the purpose, hypothesis and objectives of our study:

I. Theoretical:

Studying scientific literature on this topic;

Use of Internet materials.

II. Practical:

Collection of information, conclusions;

Request to the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after. Smidovich;

Survey of classmates using the test “Birds bythe nature of seasonal flights.”

Practical significance of the workResearch materials and digital resource “Birds bythe nature of seasonal flights" can be used in lessons about the surrounding world and extracurricular activities in primary school.

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Description and features of the waxwing.

In the old days, it was not for nothing that waxwings were called “handsome”.

Species: Waxwing

Family: Waxwings

Subfamily: True waxwings

Squad: Passeriformes

Class: Birds

Type: Chordata

Domain: Eukaryotes

Dimensions: length - 18-23 cm; weight - 60-67 g.

Lifespan: 13 years

The waxwing bird got its name from the “swi-ri-ri-ri” sounds it makes, similar to musical instrument pipe

Distributed in the taiga forest zone of the Northern Hemisphere.

It nests in open forests and trees. It feeds on berries, buds of trees and bushes. The color is pinkish-gray, the wings are black with yellow and white stripes, the tail, throat and eye stripe are black. The tips of the secondary flight feathers are transformed into small bright red plates, visible only up close. There is a yellow stripe along the edge of the tail, and a narrow white stripe on the wing. The song of the waxwing is a murmuring trill “svi-ri-ri-ri-ri”, similar to the sound of a pipe. Inhabits sparse coniferous and mixed forests, overgrown burnt areas and clearings. The number of waxwings can be calculated using an ordinary tree. The object is photographed, and then it is counted how many birds have chosen it. Another method is to simply look at the wires of utility poles. As a rule, 10 pieces fit on 1 meter.

1.2 Groups of birds depending on the nature of seasonal migrations.

Migratory birds

Birds that winter far from their nesting sites and return back in the spring. For the winter, birds do not always fly to the south, but also to the southwest or southeast, to the west, to the east, and even to the north.

Wintering birds

Birds that stick to a certain small territory and do not move beyond it.

Nomadic birds

Birds that, outside the breeding season, constantly move from place to place in search of food. Such movements have nothing to do with cyclicity and depend entirely on the availability of food.

On the territory of Russia, nomadic birds include the tit, nuthatch, jay, crossbill, siskin, bullfinch and waxwing.

1.3 Waxwings, migratory or not?

Beginning in the fall and throughout the winter, waxwings wander in search of places with a good harvest of berries. And rowan is their favorite delicacy. Birds consume it in countless quantities. In order to be invulnerable to cats and other predators and continue to fly quickly even on a full stomach, waxwings have learned to digest berries (partially, of course) in a super-short time. After the waxwings, the “eaten” berries lie in a thick carpet under the trees, scatter throughout the area, and are covered with snow. And in the spring they again appear on the surface. On the way home, the “northerners” again fly to the red, eat up the overwintered stash, but the seeds remain in the ground. This is how waxwings spread mountain ash, which thanks to them can be found even in deep forests.

Waxwings, migratory or not,- a controversial question; rather, they are recognized as nomadic, leaving their usual habitats in a southwestern direction in search of berries and fruits. During the nomadic period, birds are less dependent on their usual conifers. They settle in places with rich food and then move on. In Russia they fly to Crimea, the territory of the Caucasus. On the way, the nomads cross the middle strip twice. With spring warming, flocks return to the north, where waxwings live. Interestingly, ornithologistscan learn more about birds during their migrations, since in their nesting areas they are very sedentary and secretive.

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Mordovian Nature Reserve named after Smidovich.

In Mordovia, waxwings are being studied in the Mordovian Nature Reserve named after. Smidovich. I turned to the reserve’s specialists for help and they advised me to study the materials in the book.

Here

2.1 Reserve data.

Here is the information from this source:

And to my request about waxwings, an answer was received.

Conclusion

In the course of studying the materials, I learned a lot of interesting information about the waxwing bird - description and features, habitats, listened to the voice of a beautiful bird. It turned out that ornithologistscan learn more about birds during their migrations, since in their nesting areas they are very sedentary and secretive. During its migrations, the bird was spotted on the territory of Mordovia. This information was confirmed by materials from specialists from the Smidovich Mordovian Nature Reserve. I concluded that the waxwing belongs to the group of nomadic birds due to the nature of their seasonal migrations. Based on the data, an interactive

Bee-eater (Pinicola enucleator L)- a very rare vagrant species. On January 25, 1979, 2 males (an adult and a young one) were noted in the “South-West” area.

Black-headed Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis L)- sedentary appearance. Birds gather in huge flocks in the fall and migrate from forests to wastelands, where they readily feed on burdock and thistle seeds. After snow falls, they break into small groups and roam in search of food and overnight stays.

Finch (Fringilla coelebs L)- a rare breeding species. Some individuals remain to spend the winter. Birds were observed in forested areas and residential areas in the winter of 1990. The male finch stayed in the residential area all winter. The bird was feeding on the sidewalk under a rowan tree (possibly its seeds).

Common greenfinch (Chloris chloris L) rare, partially sedentary, nesting species. Birds were observed on the outskirts of the southwest, in forest parks and residential areas (12/3/78). On December 13, 1993, a flock of greenfinches was encountered on the territory of MGPI.

Siskin (Spinus spinus L)- a common, regularly wintering species. Usually lives alone or in small flocks. However, in some years flocks of up to 30 or more individuals were observed. A flock of 10 individuals was spotted on January 26, 1983 near the Furmanova stop. Siskins have been recorded feeding on seeds of birch, red rowan, and thistle.

Linnet (Acanthis cannabina L.)- a common breeding species. It is found on the outskirts of the city, keeping in flocks of up to 50 individuals. Birds were observed in the “South-West” area on November 28, 1978 and on the territory of the Green Grove tourist center on February 9, 1979.

Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea L.)- a common wintering species. More often observed near birch forests, alleys, parks, and along roads. Found in flocks of 10 to 250 individuals. On A. Nevsky Street on January 28, 1983, a flock of approximately 250 tap dancers was observed. They ate birch seeds.

Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus L.)- a common, regularly occurring species. Number of people: 7.9 individuals/km2. Found in all areas of the city. Birds live in groups, often together with other species. They feed mainly on anthropogenic food, as well as plant seeds. It feeds at feeders and garbage dumps along with other birds: jackdaws, crows, rooks, pigeons, tits.

House sparrow (Passer domesticus L.)- numerous species. Number is 152.3 individuals/km 2 . It is observed in parks, alleys, squares, and near residential buildings. Birds live both alone and in flocks. Often found in a flock with other birds.

Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis L)- a very rare wintering species. A meeting with a flock of birds (16 individuals) was registered on January 3, 1989 in the Svetotehstroy microdistrict.

Common bunting (Emberiza citrinella L.) rare view. Encounters with buntings were recorded in the central park and forest parks. It lives in small groups of up to 10 - 15 individuals.

Thus, the winter avifauna of Saransk is quite rich, it makes up 26.9% of the total bird fauna of Mordovia. It is represented by 37 nesting species, 2 (Rough-legged Buzzard, Green Woodpecker) migratory, 4 (Waxwing, Bullfinch, Redpoll, Snow Bunting) wintering, 1 (Sea-Eater) vagrant. The species composition is dominated by a group of forest birds. This is explained by the fact that between the microdistricts “Yugo-Zapad” and “Svetotehstroy” there is a large forest area, which is included within the city limits and, apparently, is a route for birds to penetrate into the urban landscape. In addition, in the city, birds are attracted to a variety of biotopes (dacha plots, city parks, alleys, roadside forest belts, garden plots of the private sector, wastelands, ravines, floodplains, modern neighborhoods, industrial enterprises), which are used for feeding, resting and overnight stays. .