Disputes between E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

The writer's eternal desire to understand everything that is happening in a given period in his country is also inherent in I.S. Turgenev. A vivid novel that reflected an entire era in historical development Russia second half of the 19th century century the novel "Fathers and Sons" appeared. In the book, the writer reflected not only the contradictions of different generations, but also, to a greater extent, the struggle of two socio-political camps that had developed in Russia by the 60s of the 19th century.

The plot of the novel is based on the opposition of two worldviews, two political directions - liberal nobles and democratic revolutionaries. In this vein of confrontation, Turgenev raises important questions in the development of society: socio-economic, moral, cultural and many others. The two heroes of the novel discuss these questions in their disputes.

Bazarov is a bright representative of revolutionary democracy, an exponent of new thoughts and ideas born of new times. He is contrasted in the novel with the liberal nobility, represented by Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. We notice their sharp differences in views already in the first argument between the heroes.

Indignant at Bazarov's nihilism, Pavel Petrovich, an aristocrat and liberal, strives to prove that the nobility and aristocracy, as its best part, are the driving force social development. It is here that the right paths to progress and the ideal are born - “English freedom”, which is the constitutional monarchy. But behind Kirsanov’s words, Bazarov sees only faith in change and passive hope, and therefore considers aristocrats incapable of action. Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. Pavel Petrovich, not seeing behind the nihilism and egocentrism of young people an active desire to replace faith with knowledge and hope with action, does not accept Evgeniy’s views and sharply condemns nihilists for the fact that they “respect no one” and live without principles and ideals. Disagreeing with the nihilists’ denial of everything, Kirsanov considers them unnecessary and useless: “There are only four and a half of you people.” “To this, Bazarov laconically answers him: “Moscow burned down from a penny candle.” By denying “everything,” Bazarov primarily means religion, the autocratic serfdom system, and generally accepted morality. Nihilists preach, first of all, the need for revolutionary actions, the criterion of which is of public benefit.

Bazarov claims that the people are revolutionary in spirit, therefore nihilism is a manifestation of the national spirit. To which Kirsanov objects to him, pointing out the religiosity and patriarchy of the Russian peasant. Pavel Petrovich glorifies the peasant community and family way of life. But arguing with him, Bazarov says that the people do not understand their own interests, that they are dark and ignorant, and consider it necessary to distinguish the people's interests from the people's prejudices. Evgeny is irreconcilably opposed to the lordship and slavery of the people.

Another important issue raised in the debate between “fathers and sons” is the attitude towards art and nature. On this issue, the author does not share the opinion of his hero. It remains on the side of the opponent, who blesses and glorifies art, while Bazarov does not understand and does not love Pushkin, does not admire painting: “Raphael is not worth a penny,” denies the importance of art in general. He approaches nature in a purely materialistic way: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, the maturity of mind and depth of judgment of Bazarov, his honesty and intransigence are revealed. In all disputes the last word remained with Bazarov. A compromise between Turgenev's heroes is impossible; their duel confirms this.

Whose side is the author on? By age, character, and lifestyle, Turgenev was a “father,” but being a liberal by conviction, he argued: “My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class.” And yet the hero dies at the end of the novel. In the dying scene, Bazarov is faithful to his ideals to the end, he is not broken, he proudly looks death in the eye. Bazarov's death is justified in an artistic sense. Having not met like-minded people or “kindred elements,” Bazarov had to die in order to remain Bazarov. Turgenev created “a gloomy, wild, ... strong figure ... - and yet doomed to destruction because she still stands on the eve of the future.” Kirsanov's disputes with Bazarov have ideological significance; they reveal the main idea of ​​the novel. They give special poignancy to the plot, serve as a characteristic of each hero, they show the superiority of new, progressive ideas over old ones, the eternal movement towards progress.

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials from the site http://ilib.ru/ were used

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I. S. Turgenev worked on the novel “Fathers and Sons” in the early 60s of the 19th century. The novel reflects the processes taking place in Russia at this time: the struggle between the socio-political forces of liberals and revolutionary democrats. The heroes of the novel are representatives of two ideological camps: liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and revolutionary democrat Yevgeny Bazarov.

Evgeny Bazarov is young, energetic, businesslike. He takes nothing for granted and denies any principles. In his worldview, he is a materialist, a person who has gone through the school of labor and hardship. Bazarov thinks independently and does not depend on anyone. Knowledge and work give him independence and self-confidence. He is the grandson of a sexton, the son of a district doctor, and he is proud of his origins. Bazarov is a nihilist, and this word comes from the Latin nihil - nothing, that is, he denies everything. He justified his denial of everything theoretically: he explains the imperfection of society and social illnesses by the character of society itself. Bazarov demands a replacement of the very foundations of society. Bazarov expresses these views and beliefs in disputes with Pavel Petrovich, his ideological opponent.

Pavel Petrovich is a representative of conservative liberals. He is an aristocrat, an Anglomaniac and a very self-confident person. He is smart and has certain virtues: honest, noble, true to his convictions. But Pavel Petrovich does not feel the movement of time, does not accept modernity, for him tradition is above all. In Bazarov, he sees a danger to himself and his class, so he defends his “peace” by all means available to him, even to the point of a duel.

Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich discuss topics of art, culture, poetry, nature, science, spirituality, philosophy, and the Russian people.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov is often aggressive and tries to impose his opinion. From Evgeniy’s point of view, reading Pushkin is a waste of time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is absurd. Kirsanov is able to appreciate the beautiful: he reads Pushkin, plays the piano. Bazarov is a straightforward person, he is not used to “distorting his soul”, hiding a harsh but fair word out of politeness. This irritated Pavel Petrovich. His “aristocratic” nature was outraged by the young man’s complete swagger. “This doctor’s son not only was not timid in front of him, but also answered abruptly and reluctantly, and there was something rude, almost impudent in the sound of his voice.”

Bazarov does not recognize any “principles,” and Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, believes that it is impossible to live without principles accepted on faith. After the words of Pavel Petrovich that in present time instead of “Schillers” and “Goethe” “all of them are some chemists and materialists”, Bazarov sharply declares: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Material from the site

All of Pavel Petrovich’s principles boil down, in essence, to one thing - to protect the old order. The principles of the young nihilist boil down to destroying this order.

Turgenev wrote that his work was directed against the nobility, but he did not believe in the prospects of the revolutionary democratic movement, although the author’s sympathies were definitely on the side of the protagonist.

According to Turgenev, Bazarov is a “tragic face” because the Bazarovs’ time has not yet come. The ending of the novel convinces of the inconsistency of Bazarov's theory. It is not he who perishes, but his artificial theory.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” is for us a mirror that reflects the era of the 60s of the 19th century, with its conflicts and contradictions.

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• Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich dispute

	Bazarov E. V.	Kirsanov P. P.
Appearance	Tall young man with long hair. The clothes are poor and untidy. Doesn't pay attention to his own appearance.	A handsome middle-aged man. Aristocratic, “thoroughbred” appearance. He takes good care of himself, dresses fashionably and expensively.
Origin	The father is a military doctor, from a poor, simple family.	Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life and built a military career.
Education	Very educated person. A talented doctor and dedicated researcher. Friends predict a great future for Bazarov.	He studied in the page corps. Little read. I owe my success in service more to my personal charm and family connections.
Important Personality Traits	Pragmatist and cynic. The main measure of a person’s value is his usefulness to society.	Knightly nature. It values ​​a person's personality and self-esteem.
Lifestyle	He eats a lot and loves wine in large quantities. Starts the day early, active and energetic.	He is restrained in his eating habits, drinks little, loves a comfortable life.
Attitude towards love	Cynical: sees meaning in love only from a physiological point of view. It turns out that he is not ready for a serious feeling.	Romantic. After the death of his beloved woman, he left a brilliant career. Devastated in spirit.
Attitude to the people	Mixed: sympathizes with the plight of the poor and despises their ignorance. Communicates with peasants on equal terms.	He admires out loud folk culture and patriarchal way of life, but squeamishly avoids direct communication with the peasants.
Attitude to family	Despises patriarchal values. Loves his parents, but pushes them away. Criticizes Arkady's relatives in his presence.	He puts family values ​​above all else. He loves his brother and nephew, protects their peace and well-being.
The characters' relationship to each other	He sees in the elder Kirsanov the embodiment of the worst traits of the aristocracy: inactivity and idle talk.	Considers Bazarov a threat to the established system. Fears the spirit of destruction that the new generation brings.
Speech features	Rough, simple speech. Actively uses folklore elements.	Speaks competently, uses French and English phrases.
Behavior in a duel	He jokes a lot and considers what is happening to be absurd. Does not aim at the opponent, wounds him by accident.	He takes the fight seriously. He fails, but is satisfied with the result of the duel.
Character in the finale	Dies. His grave symbolizes the only possibility of reconciliation between different generations.	Leaves Russia. Abroad he leads a bright but empty life. By the author's definition, a living dead.

• Kirsanov N.P. Kirsanov P.P. Appearance A short man in his early forties. After a long-term broken leg, he walks with a limp. The facial features are pleasant, the expression is sad. A handsome, well-groomed middle-aged man. He dresses smartly, in the English manner. Ease of movement reveals an athletic person. Marital status Widower for more than 10 years, was very happily married. There is a young mistress Fenechka. Two sons: Arkady and six-month-old Mitya. Bachelor. In the past he was successful with women. After […]
• Evgeny Bazarov Anna Odintsova Pavel Kirsanov Nikolay Kirsanov Appearance Long face, wide forehead, huge greenish eyes, nose, flat on top and pointed below. Long brown hair, sandy sideburns, a self-confident smile on her thin lips. Naked red arms Noble posture, slender figure, tall stature, beautiful sloping shoulders. Light eyes, shiny hair, a barely noticeable smile. 28 years old Average height, thoroughbred, about 45. Fashionable, youthfully slender and graceful. […]
• Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” presents us with many different heroes. He tells us about their lives, about the relationships between them. Almost from the first pages of the novel one can understand that of all the heroes and heroines, Natasha Rostova is the writer’s favorite heroine. Who is Natasha Rostova, when Marya Bolkonskaya asked Pierre Bezukhov to talk about Natasha, he replied: “I don’t know how to answer your question. I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, [...]
• The disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich represent the social side of the conflict in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” Here, not just different views of representatives of two generations collide, but also two fundamentally different political points of view. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich find themselves on opposite sides of the barricades in accordance with all parameters. Bazarov is a commoner, coming from a poor family, forced to make his own way in life. Pavel Petrovich is a hereditary nobleman, guardian of family ties and [...]
• The image of Bazarov is contradictory and complex, he is torn by doubts, he experiences mental trauma, primarily due to the fact that he rejects the natural beginning. The theory of life of Bazarov, this extremely practical man, physician and nihilist, was very simple. There is no love in life - this is a physiological need, no beauty - this is just a combination of the properties of the body, no poetry - it is not needed. For Bazarov, there were no authorities; he convincingly proved his point of view until life convinced him otherwise. […]
• The most prominent female figures in Turgenev's novel “Fathers and Sons” are Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, Fenechka and Kukshina. These three images are extremely different from each other, but nevertheless we will try to compare them. Turgenev was very respectful of women, which is perhaps why their images are described in detail and vividly in the novel. These ladies are united by their acquaintance with Bazarov. Each of them contributed to changing his worldview. The most significant role was played by Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. It was she who was destined [...]
• Every writer, when creating his work, be it a science fiction short story or a multi-volume novel, is responsible for the fate of the heroes. The author tries not only to talk about a person’s life, depicting its most striking moments, but also to show how the character of his hero was formed, under what conditions it developed, what features of the psychology and worldview of a particular character led to a happy or tragic ending. The ending of any work in which the author draws a peculiar line under a certain [...]
• Duel test. Bazarov and his friend again drive along the same circle: Maryino - Nikolskoye - parental home. The situation outwardly almost literally reproduces that on the first visit. Arkady enjoys his summer vacation and, barely finding an excuse, returns to Nikolskoye, to Katya. Bazarov continues his natural science experiments. True, this time the author expresses himself differently: “the fever of work came over him.” The new Bazarov abandoned intense ideological disputes with Pavel Petrovich. Only rarely does he throw enough [...]
• I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” contains a large number of conflicts in general. These include love conflict, clash of worldviews of two generations, social conflict and internal conflict Main character. Bazarov, the main character of the novel “Fathers and Sons,” is a surprisingly bright figure, a character in which the author intended to show the entire young generation of that time. We should not forget that this work is not just a description of the events of that time, but also deeply felt very real […]
• The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. “...It was in the month of August 1860, when the first thought of “Fathers and Sons” came to my mind...” It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “peasant democracy […]
• Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" ends with the death of the main character. Why? Turgenev felt something new, saw new people, but could not imagine how they would act. Bazarov dies very young, without having time to begin any activity. With his death, he seems to atone for the one-sidedness of his views, which the author does not accept. Dying, the main character did not change either his sarcasm or his directness, but became softer, kinder, and speaks differently, even romantically, that […]
• Two mutually exclusive statements are possible: “Despite Bazarov’s external callousness and even rudeness in dealing with his parents, he loves them dearly” (G. Byaly) and “Isn’t that spiritual callousness that cannot be justified manifested in Bazarov’s attitude towards his parents.” However, in the dialogue between Bazarov and Arkady, the i’s are dotted: “So you see what kind of parents I have. The people are not strict. - Do you love them, Evgeny? - I love you, Arkady!” Here it is worth remembering both the scene of Bazarov’s death and his last conversation with [...]
• Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” appears in the February book of the Russian Messenger. This novel obviously poses a question... addresses the younger generation and loudly asks them the question: “What kind of people are you?” This is the real meaning of the novel. D. I. Pisarev, Realists Evgeny Bazarov, according to I. S. Turgenev’s letters to friends, “the most beautiful of my figures,” “this is my favorite brainchild... on which I spent all the paints at my disposal.” “This clever guy, this hero” appears before the reader in kind [...]
• Dear Anna Sergeevna! Let me address you personally and express my thoughts on paper, since saying some words out loud is an insurmountable problem for me. It is very difficult to understand me, but I hope that this letter will clarify my attitude towards you a little. Before I met you, I was an opponent of culture, moral values, and human feelings. But numerous life trials forced me to look at things differently. the world and reevaluate your life principles. For the first time I […]
• What exactly is the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov? An eternal dispute between generations? Confrontation between supporters of different political views? A catastrophic discrepancy between progress and stability bordering on stagnation? Let us classify the disputes that later developed into a duel into one of the categories, and the plot will become flat and lose its edge. At the same time, Turgenev’s work, in which the problem was raised for the first time in the history of Russian literature, is still relevant today. And today they demand change and [...]
• Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that arose between them is all the more surprising. Despite the young people belonging to the same era, they are very different. It is necessary to take into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman; from early childhood he absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Father and uncle Kirsanov intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From Bazarov’s point of view, Arkady is a soft-hearted “barich”, a weakling. Bazarov doesn’t want [...]
• In I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” the main character is Evgeniy Bazarov. He proudly says that he is a nihilist. The concept of nihilism means this type of belief, which is based on the denial of everything accumulated over many centuries of cultural and scientific experience, all traditions and ideas about social norms. The history of this social movement in Russia it is associated with the 60-70s. XIX century, when there was a turning point in society in traditional social views and scientific […]
• The action of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" takes place in the summer of 1859, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At that time in Russia there was an acute question: who could lead society? On the one hand, the nobility claimed the leading social role, which consisted of both fairly free-thinking liberals and aristocrats who thought the same way as at the beginning of the century. At the other pole of society were the revolutionaries - democrats, the majority of whom were commoners. Main character novel […]
• The relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, heroes of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" did not work out for many reasons. The materialist and nihilist Bazarov denies not only art, the beauty of nature, but also love as a human feeling. Recognizing the physiological relationship between a man and a woman, he believes that love “is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art.” Therefore, he initially evaluates Odintsova only from the point of view of her external data. “Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater,” […]
• The action of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” dates back to 1859, and the writer completed work on it in 1861. The time of action and creation of the novel is separated by only two years. It was one of the most intense eras of Russian history. At the end of the 1850s, the whole country lived in a revolutionary situation, under the sign of an imminent sharp turn in the fate of the people and society - the impending liberation of the peasants. Once again, Russia “reared up” over an unknown abyss, and for some its future was illuminated […]

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Lesson on Russian literature on the topic: “The present century and the past century.” Conflict of generations in I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.”

Lesson development provided by: Panova Svetlana Viktorovna, teacher of Russian language and literature, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 12, Voronezh, email: [email protected]

I tried to imagine the conflict between the two generations. I.S. Turgenev to Pauline Viardot Don't be afraid to open your soul and become in front of the reader face to face. Botkin

Goals and objectives:

• analyze the images of the main characters of the novel;
• draw a conclusion about the main conflict of the novel;
• develop text analysis skills;
• check and consolidate the student’s knowledge.

Equipment:

• portrait of I.S. Turgenev,
• illustrations for the novel “Fathers and Sons”,
• tests.

Students, in accordance with the lesson plan, are divided into two groups - “fathers” and “children”.

During the classes.

I. Introductory speech by the teacher.

The name of the novel “Fathers and Sons” is not accidental: the author contrasted in it the people of the 40s, liberal nobles, and the sixties, democrat commoners. The plot is based on an acute social conflict between the “new man” Bazarov and the world of the Kirsanovs. But it would be unforgivable to reduce the title of the novel to a change in the social ideology of generations, to a conflict between aristocrats and commoners. Turgenev's novel also has a psychological sound. The author contrasts two generations - “fathers” and “children” - in the full sense of the word. (Quote on the board)

The most prominent representatives of two generations, the irreconcilable worldviews of “fathers” and “sons,” are Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. To determine our attitude to the problem of “fathers” and “children” in the novel, let’s highlight the main lines of debate between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov:

• about the attitude towards the nobility, aristocracy and its principles;
• about the principle of activity of nihilists;
• about attitude towards the people;
• about views on art and nature.

I round Representatives from each group (1 person each) come out.

1 line of argument. “On the attitude towards the nobility, aristocracy and its principles”

Teacher's question. What is the attitude of Pavel Petrovich and Evgeny Bazarov to the nobility, aristocracy and its principles?

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in the aristocracy. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave England freedom, that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect; their self-respect is important because... society is built on the individual.

Teacher's word. Bazarov breaks down this seemingly harmonious system of views with simple arguments. Which ones?

Evgeny Bazarov. The conversation about the aristocracy giving England freedom is an “old song”; a lot has changed after the 17th century, so this reference by Pavel Petrovich cannot serve as an argument. Bazarov aptly notes that aristocrats are of no use to anyone, their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. According to Bazarov, idleness and emptiness are the main political principles of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

Question for the Children group. What is the outcome of this dispute? How does Turgenev show the defeat of Pavel Petrovich?

Answer. Pavel Petrovich was defeated in this dispute. The author shows how he “turned pale” and no longer started talking about aristocracy (a subtle psychological detail of Turgenev that conveys Pavel Petrovich’s defeat in this dispute).

2nd line of argument. "On the principles of nihilists"

Teacher's question. Pavel Petrovich has not yet laid down his arms and wants to discredit and accuse new people of unscrupulousness. “Why are you acting?” - he asks. And it turns out that nihilists have principles, they have beliefs. Which?

Evgeny Bazarov. Bazarov believes that nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of the usefulness of activity for society. They deny social order, i.e. autocracy, religion - this is the meaning of the word “everything”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is worrying about is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.

Teacher's question. What is Pavel Petrovich’s opinion on this matter?

P.P.Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich stands for preserving the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does.

Assignment to the “Fathers” group. Evaluate the opinions of the characters.

Answer. Bazarov's statements can be called revolutionary. Turgenev himself understood Bazarov's nihilism as revolutionary. But there are shortcomings in Bazarov's views. He does not consider it his business to build on a destroyed site. Bazarov does not have a positive program. The Kirsanovs at this moment do not show themselves as reactionaries. They are liberals compared to Bazarov.

The question is being studied. Who are the reactionaries and liberals?

3 line of argument. "About the Russian people."

Teacher's question. How do P.P. Kirsanov and Bazarov imagine the character of the Russian people?

P.P.Kirsanov. According to P.P., the Russian people are patriarchal, sacredly honor traditions, and cannot live without religion. These are Slavophile views. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.

Teacher's question. What is Bazarov’s opinion?

Bazarov. The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”.

Assignment to the “Children” group. Evaluate the characters' beliefs. Explain who the “Slavophiles” are.

Answer. Slavophile views of P.P. When living in the English way, people talk about reaction. One cannot be moved by the backwardness of the people.

Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted. He has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. Bazarov despises these shortcomings. However, he sees not only overcrowding, but also the discontent of the people.

4 line of argument. "Views on Art and Nature"

Teacher's word. Pavel Petrovich, defeated in everything else, found a weak point in Bazarov and decides to take revenge.

P.P.Kirsanov. Pavel Petrovich believes that nihilism, “this infection,” has already spread far and captured the field of art. In his opinion, the new Peredvizhniki artists are abandoning academic traditions and following old models, including Raphael. He believes that they have completely abandoned traditions. P.P. says that new artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”

Teacher's question. What is Bazarov’s view of art?

Bazarov. Bazarov denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.” Bazarov does not deny nature, but sees in it only the source and field of human activity. He has a master's view of nature. He understands it as a “workshop” in which a person is a “worker”.

Question for the “Fathers” group. Is P.P. right when he talks about the artists of the sixties?

Answer. P.P. both right and wrong. He is right in understanding that the new Peredvizhniki artists are abandoning frozen academic traditions and blindly following old models. He is wrong in that artists, in his opinion, have completely abandoned traditions.

Assignment to the “Children” group. Evaluate Bazarov’s opinion about art and nature in comparison with the opinion of Pavel Petrovich.

Answer. Bazarov doesn't know art well. He is only interested in science, because... he sees strength in her. He doesn’t know Pushkin and denies it. This was typical of some of the youth of the 60s.

But P.P. also cannot judge art by reading “5-6 pieces French books"in his youth and "something in English." He knows Russian contemporary artists only by hearsay.

Question for the “Fathers” group. How is the fallacy of both Bazarov’s and Pavel Petrovich’s ideas about art shown?

Answer. It is not Pavel Petrovich who is Bazarov’s opponent in this dispute, but Nikolai Petrovich. He loves art, but does not dare to enter into an argument. Turgenev himself does this, showing a feeling of the beneficial influence of Pushkin’s poems, spring nature, and the sweet melody of playing the cello.

Question for the Children group. What is your opinion about Bazarov’s attitude towards nature?

Answer. Although Bazarov has a master's view of nature, it is one-sided. By denying the role of nature as an eternal source of beauty that influences humans, Bazarov impoverishes human life.

Teacher's question. How is this line of dispute resolved by Turgenev himself?

Answer. In chapter 11 landscapes appear. All the signs of the evening affirm the existence of eternal beauty.

2nd round “Recognize the hero by description”

(Work in groups). Students are given sheets with the task “Recognize the hero by description”: for the “Fathers” group - a description of supporters of Bazarov’s views; group “Children” - a description of representatives of the older generation. After discussing the task, representatives of each group take turns giving answers (reading out the description of the hero and answering who it belongs to). The check is carried out by representatives of another group.

“Recognize the hero by description”

(Questions and tasks for the “Children” group)

1. “He looked about 45 years old, his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty" (Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov)
2. A gentleman in his early forties. He has a good estate of two hundred souls fifteen miles from the inn. In his youth, not being particularly brave, he earned the nickname “coward.” After a broken leg, he remained “lame” for the rest of his life (Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov)
3. “Arkady...saw on the porch of the manor’s house a tall, thin man, with tousled hair and a thin aquiline nose, dressed in an open old military frock coat” (Bazarov’s father, Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov)
4. “...A round, short old lady in a white cap and a short, colorful blouse” “...There was a real Russian noblewoman of the past; she should have lived over two hundred years old, in old Moscow time. She was very pious and sensitive, believed in all sorts of omens...” (Arina Vlasevna Bazarova, Bazarov’s mother)

“Recognize the hero by description”

(Questions to the “Fathers” group)

1. The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat top, pointed nose downwards, large greenish eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns, it was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence” (Evgeny Bazarov)
2. A young representative of the noble generation, quickly turning into an ordinary landowner. Young candidate. (Arkady Kirsanov)
3. “A short man in a Slavophile Hungarian jacket jumped out of a passing droshky... An alarming and dull expression was reflected in the small, however, pleasant features of his sleek face; small, sunken eyes looked intently and restlessly, and he laughed restlessly: with some kind of short, wooden laugh” (Sitnikov, Bazarov’s false student)
4. “There was nothing ugly in the small and inconspicuous figure of the emancipated woman; but the expression on her face had an unpleasant effect on the viewer. She spoke and moved very casually and at the same time awkwardly” (Kukshina, Bazarov’s false student)

III round. "Test of Love"

Teacher's word. Every person in his life goes through one or another test, which often leaves an imprint on his future life. Our main characters, Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, passed such a test, the “test of love.” How did this affect their lives?

(Work in groups. Solving the problematic question “How did P.P. and Bazarov pass the test of love?”)

Answer from the group "Fathers". In his youth P.P. was in love with Princess R. She died. Lyubov P.P. - this is a love-obsession that “broke” his life: he was no longer able to live as before after the death of Princess R. This love did not take place, it brought him nothing but torment.

Answer from the group "Children". Bazarov's love for Odintsova is a love-passion that bifurcates his soul, showing that this rude, cynical nihilist can be a romantic. At first glance, Bazarov’s love is similar to the love of Pavel Petrovich, it also did not take place, but it did not “trample” Bazarov; After an explanation with Odintsova, he plunges headlong into work. The test of love shows that Bazarov is capable of truly, passionately, deeply loving.

IV round. "Find keyword».

Teacher's word. During his arguments and conversations with other heroes, P.P. and Bazarov express certain statements.

Exercise. Let's check how well you understand the text of the work. You are invited individual work according to tests. You need to insert a keyword into sentences that represent the characters’ statements. Each group has tests that are different in content: for the “Fathers” group - statements by Pavel Petrovich, for the “Children” group - Bazarov. For this work, students receive an individual assessment.

"Find the keyword"

(Assignment to the group “Children”)

1. “Every person must ...... educate himself”
2. “Nature is not a temple, but ......, and man is a worker in it” (workshop)
3. “A decent...... is twenty times more useful than any poet” (chemist)
4. “Whoever...... in spite of his pain will certainly defeat it” (angry)
5. “The only good thing about a Russian person is that he has ... an opinion about himself” (very bad)
6. “…… …after all, this feeling is feigned” (love)
7. “Fix ......, and there will be no diseases” (society)
8. “You study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look, as you say, come from? This is all......, nonsense, rottenness, art" (romanticism)
9. “We ...... because we are strength” (break)
10. In my opinion, ...... is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him" (Raphael)

"Find the keyword"

(Assignment to the group “Fathers”)

1. “We are people of the old century, we believe that without ......, taken, as you say, on faith, it is impossible to take a step or breathe” (principles)
2. “Let me ask you, according to your concepts, do the words “rubbish” and “.....” mean the same thing?” (aristocrat)
3. “I live in a village, in the middle of nowhere, but I don’t give up on myself, I respect myself......” (person)
4. “I just want to say that aristocracy is a principle, and without principles in our time there can only be ...... or empty people” (immoral)
5. “You deny everything, or, to put it more precisely, you destroy everything. But you have to......" (build)
6. “No, the Russian people are not what you imagine them to be. He sacredly honors traditions, he is ......, he cannot live without faith" (patriarchal)
7. “Behold, today's youth! Here they are – ours......" (heirs)
8. “He’s the one who’s going to cut them. He doesn’t believe in principles, but in...... he believes” (frogs)
9. “This signor drove all this into his (Arkady’s) head....... this one" (nihilist)
10. “The human personality must be as strong as a rock, for everything is built on it......” (being built)

V round "The meaning of Bazarov's death."

Question from the teacher (to representatives of both groups). At the end of the novel, Bazarov dies. There is nothing accidental in Turgenev’s works. So what is the meaning of Bazarov’s death? Why does the main character die?

VI. Conclusion.

Teacher's word. We have examined the points of view on fundamental issues of two of the most prominent representatives of different generations - Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. In revealing the social level of the conflict, Bazarov is left alone, and Pavel Petrovich is alone, because Nikolai Petrovich almost does not enter into an argument. So what can we conclude?

Answer. It is no coincidence that Turgenev connected “fathers” and “children” in the title with the connecting conjunction “and”. It should be like this: both “fathers” and “children”. Children of fathers are the future, but only if they assimilate the traditions of the past.

(The teacher connects the signs with the inscription “Fathers”, “Children” using the union “and” on the tablet.)

Teacher's word. You and I have come to the conclusion that in order for life to continue to develop, an inextricable connection between generations is necessary. “Children” build the future based on the experience of “fathers.”

Assignment for both groups. Let’s conclude our work today by writing a written answer to the question “How modern is Turgenev’s novel and are the questions raised in it relevant in our time?”

Children complete a written task.

Summarizing. Giving marks for the lesson (for oral answers, and each student will receive two marks for written types of work - a test and an answer to a question).

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov. (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Lesson summary teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Arch-Golitsinskaya Secondary School" Mikheeva Lyudmila Nikolaevna.

year 2014

The problem of generations. Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov.(based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Goals : 1.Improve students’ ability to write comparative descriptions of characters. 2. Be able to determine the moral and ideological positions of the characters in the work. 3. Develop students’ thinking, oral speech. 4. Develop students' interest in reading the novel.

Equipment: Portrait of I. S. Turgenev, presentation “Fathers and Sons”.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment.
2. Report the topic and objectives of the lesson.(On the screen is a portrait of I. S. Turgenev) We continue to study I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” “My whole life is in my writings,” he wrote. Turgenev has a special sense of time. “Our time requires us to capture modernity in its emerging images; You can’t be too late.” In his works he “caught” something new that was just emerging in Russian life. Today in class we will try to answer the questions with you: -What is the meaning of the title of the novel? -How and why is there a dispute between representatives of different generations? Guys, at home you compiled a comparative description of the images of P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.3. Work according to the table.

Comparative characteristics of E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov.

Generation conflict... This problem is relevant at all times. - In which works is this problem addressed? (Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, A. Ostrovsky's The Thunderstorm, etc.) In the mid-19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and commoners sharply intensified. I. S. Turgenev tells us about this in his novel.

Which of the novel's heroes oppose each other?

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes. (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. I. Ozhegov)

Name the antipodes in Russian literature. (Grinev and Shvabrin, Oblomov and Stolz, Chatsky and Molchalin...) Today we will conduct a comparative description of the new heroes of the novel.

1. What can you sayabout the origin, social affiliation of the heroes? P. Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired officer, liberal-conservative. E. Bazarov -son of a military doctor, had peasant roots, medical student. Faculty of St. Petersburg University, commoner, democrat-nihilist.”

2.Portrait. Bazarov- “tall in a long robe with tassels.” The face is “long and thin, with a wide forehead, a flat top, pointed nose downwards, large green eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns...” He has “naked red arms.”

P. P. Kirsanov- in all appearance “gloss and panache”, appearance “elegant and thoroughbred”, beautiful hands with long pink nails.

3. Speech - P. P. Kirsanov uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is refined, and he often distorts Russian words into a foreign manner (principles, etc.) E. Bazarov- speaks simply and artlessly, his speech is common, he often uses sayings and aphorisms. (read from the text)

1. There are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the philosophical positions of each.

- What are our heroes arguing about?

1. On the attitude towards the nobility

P. Kirsanov . Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in aristocrats. The significance of aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, and that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of self-esteem and self-respect. Their self-respect is important since society is built on the individual

E. Bazarov. The conversation that the aristocracy gave England freedom - “Old Song”, a lot has changed after the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich’s reference cannot serve as an argument. The aristocracy is of no use to anyone; their main occupation is doing nothing (“sitting with folded hands”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocratism is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

2.On the principle of activity of nihilists

Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of “everything” in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as his brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals

E. Bazarov . Nihilists act deliberately, based on the principle of usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, this is the meaning of the word “ALL”. Bazarov notes that the freedom that the government is worrying about is unlikely to be of any use; This phrase contains a hint of impending reforms. Bazarov does not accept reform as a means of changing the social situation. Denial is perceived by new people as activity, not chatter.

3.About attitude towards the people

P. Kirsanov . The Russian people are patriarchal, they sacredly value traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with a lifestyle in the English way) speak of reactionaryness. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees this as the key to the salvation of society.

E. Bazarov . The situation of the people causes Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what will later become the creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like “liberalism” and “progress”. Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the lack of education and superstition of the people. He despises these shortcomings. However, Bazarov sees not only the downtrodden state, but also the discontent of the people.

4. About views on art

P. Kirsanov. The new Peredvizhniki artists abandon frozen academic traditions and blindly follow old models, including Raphael. Peredvizhniki artists, in his opinion, completely abandoned traditions. New artists are “powerless and sterile to the point of disgusting.”

E. Bazarov. He denies both old and new art: “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.”

Who wins in disputes?

Does Bazarov have the right to judge his opponent and his “principles” in such a humiliating manner? (We must respect other people's opinions, age..)

5. Attitude towards love.(slide “Scene of E. Bazarov’s declaration of love for A. Odintsova”)

P. P. Kirsanov always enjoyed success with women, and men envied him. He led an active lifestyle, but everything changed instantly when Princess R. appeared in his life, whom Kirsanov met at a ball and with whom he fell passionately in love. The princess soon lost interest in him, and he almost went crazy and began chasing her all over the world, showing cowardice. Exhausted by these relationships, Pavel Petrovich grew old, gray and lost interest in life.

Bazarov treats love very coldly. “A man who staked his entire life on a woman’s love, and when this card was killed for him, became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, such a person is not a man,” he notes. Love seemed like a test for Bazarov... Love conquers selfishness, enlightens the world, this feeling turned out to be not physiological, as the hero assumed, this feeling is shocking and traumatic. In words he denied love, but in reality life forced him to admit it.
For Bazarov, such a drama means humiliation and is perceived as a manifestation of shameful weakness.

6. Lifestyle, interests.

There are differences between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich in relation to art and nature. From Bazarov’s point of view, “reading Pushkin - Lost time, playing music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous.” Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, loves nature and music. Art (and literature, and painting, and music) softens the soul and distracts from business. All this is “romanticism”, “nonsense”. Looking at the album of Saxon Switzerland, Bazarov tells Odintsova: “You don’t assume artistic sense in me - yes, I really don’t have it, but these views could interest me from a geological point of view.” Bazarov tries to debunk ineffective “principles”, does not accept illusory daydreaming, rejecting the achievements of culture (“Raphael is not worth a penny”) and perceiving nature in a utilitarian way.
Kirsanov and Bazarov each remain with their own opinion.
Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.

7.Attitude towards each other.

Bazarov should not forget about respect for the generation of elders. He crosses out the entire life of P. Kirsanov, who believed that he was leading a noble life and worthy of respect.

4. Summing up the lesson.

- Is there a winner in the dispute?

Did the heroes want to find the truth or were they just sorting things out?

Whose side do you think the author is on? I. S. Turgenev considers himself to be a generation of “fathers” and tries to convey to us the idea of ​​the important role of “old people” in the past and present of Russia. It is impossible to deny all the accumulated human experience, art, religion, and the spiritual side of society. The author tried to convey to the reader the idea of ​​​​finding some kind of compromise between generations.

5.Grading.

6. Homework.Analysis of the last chapters of the novel. "The Death of Bazarov."