The city, which is called the Northern Capital, was renamed Petrograd in 1914. Ten years later - to Leningrad. Hero City is a title given to Sank...

Hero City Leningrad: history and photos

By Masterweb

20.04.2018 11:00

The city, which is called the Northern Capital, was renamed Petrograd in 1914. Ten years later - to Leningrad. Hero City - a title received by St. Petersburg in 1965. The blockade of Leningrad continued for almost nine hundred days. According to various estimates, from six hundred thousand to two million inhabitants of the city died during the war years. Many books and films are dedicated to the heroes of Leningrad. The events from the history of St. Petersburg related to the Soviet period are described in the article.

In 1924 there was a flood, which was the second largest in the history of the city. Until 1941, this was the main event in the history of Leningrad. There are nine hero cities in Russia, including Kerch and Sevastopol. Throughout the former Soviet Union there are only twelve settlements with the highest degree of distinction. The blockade is a terrible page in the history of St. Petersburg. The period that brought Leningrad the title of Hero City began on September 8, 1941. Day of liberation of the city from the fascist blockade - January 27, 1944.

Hitler attack

According to the plan "Barbarossa", signed by the Fuhrer, the capture of the Soviet Union was to be carried out in three directions: GA "North", GA "Center", GA "South". The Nazi command planned to attack Moscow after the capture of Leningrad. But plans have changed. The Germans never took Moscow. The city, which was the second largest in the Soviet Union and in which a quarter of the country's heavy engineering was concentrated, withstood a long blockade.

The territory encircled by the Germans in September 1941 had an area of ​​five thousand square kilometers. Most of the troops of the Leningrad Front were blocked. This is about a million people, not counting the inhabitants of Leningrad. The heroes of the city on the Neva were not only soldiers and officers, but also ordinary people. In those terrible days, even children performed feats.

We were given medals in 1943, and only in 1945 were we given passports.

These are the words of the poet Yuri Voronov, who survived the siege of Leningrad at the age of 12. Why Hero City? Why did St. Petersburg receive this title? The answers to these questions are in the facts below.

Hopeless situation

That is how Stalin called the situation that developed in September 1941. Already a few days after the beginning of the blockade, the generalissimo said: "Leningrad will probably soon have to be considered lost."

Georgy Zhukov arrived in the city on September 9th. According to other sources, on the 13th. For unauthorized abandonment of the line of defense, he applied harsh measures, up to and including execution. The American publicist Salisbury, who wrote a book about the siege of Leningrad, said: "Zhukov was terrible in those September days. He demanded one thing: attack, attack and attack!" Soviet troops advanced despite the lack of rifles, ammunition and physical strength.

The German Field Marshal von Leeb, meanwhile, continued successful operations on the outskirts of the city. The enemy stopped four kilometers from Leningrad, the front line passed near the Kirov plant, which, in spite of everything, continued to work. On September 21, an operation began to destroy the ships of the Baltic Fleet. Serious damage was inflicted on the battleship "Marat", which killed more than three hundred people.

But then the most terrible days in the history of the hero city of Leningrad had not yet begun. Briefly, the then plans of the German command can be summarized by quoting Colonel General Franz Halder:

The situation will be tense until our ally, hunger, comes to our aid.

And he really came. But the city did not give up even a year after the destruction of all food supplies.

Badaev warehouses

Two weeks after the start of the blockade, the Germans changed tactics. They set about destroying the city - they dropped incendiary bombs on Leningrad in order to organize massive fires. Food warehouses were the main target. The largest of them was destroyed in September. Three thousand tons of flour were stored in the Badaev warehouses.

The road of life

The inhabitants of Leningrad felt the shortage of food in October. In November, the famine began. Food was delivered to Leningrad through Lake Ladoga, along the "Road of Life". For obvious reasons, this path was possible only in winter frosts. However, both in December and in January, the vehicles in which the products were transported often fell through the ice, which was facilitated by the Germans, who were also shelling the Road of Life. To this day, trucks lie at the bottom of Lake Ladoga, which never reached their destination.

During the days of the blockade, both Soviet and foreign correspondents were in the city. The photos they take are terrifying. The heroes of the city of Leningrad are not only soldiers who tried to break through the ring, but also local residents who withstood hunger.

Death on the Leningrad streets

In November 1941, funeral services were picking up hundreds of corpses daily from the streets of the city. Mortality has become widespread. A man dying on the street did not cause any emotions in passers-by, exhausted from hunger.

By the winter of 1941, funeral services were no longer up to the task. The bodies of Leningraders lay in the alley, on the street. There was no one to clean them up. The period from November 1941 to January 1942 was the most difficult in the history of the blockade of Leningrad. About four thousand people died of starvation every day in the city.

The goal of the Nazis was to make the blockade so strong that "the mouse would not slip either there or back." But by the winter of 1941, there were no mice in the city ...

Harsh Leningrad winter

Despite the fact that in January Lake Ladoga was covered with a thick layer of ice, and trucks with food began to move slowly along it, it was in the cold that the number of victims from hunger increased. It was especially difficult for emaciated Leningraders to endure frosts. And the winter of 1941-1942 turned out to be longer and colder than usual.

Tanya Savicheva

The terrible days in the history of St. Petersburg are known thanks to the diaries kept by the dying blockade survivors. Exhausted people hoped to survive. Some of them made entries in their diaries with the last of their strength. On the wall of house No. 13, located on the 2nd line of Vasilyevsky Island, there is a memorial plaque in memory of Tanya Savicheva. During the blockade, the girl kept a diary, which became one of the symbols of the hero city of Leningrad. WWII Tanya Savicheva did not survive. She was taken out of besieged Leningrad, but she died of exhaustion already in the evacuation.

Tanya Savicheva was born into a large family in 1930. In May 1941, the girl graduated from the third grade. Relatives were dying before her eyes. She, like her two older sisters, was evacuated in August 1942 to the Nizhny Novgorod region. Tanya Savicheva survived the siege of Leningrad, but died in the village of Shatki from intestinal tuberculosis.

Shelling

Hitler issued an order according to which the German command was to shoot civilians. With the help of artillery shelling, the population was supposed to be forced to flee. Thus Hitler hoped to create disorder in the central part of Russia. In Cartier Raymond's book "Secrets of War" it is said that the German military leaders initially protested against this order. They refused to shoot at civilians. However, the Fuhrer was adamant.

During the blockade, there were no safe areas in Leningrad. Each of them at any moment could be destroyed by an enemy projectile. But on certain streets, the risk of becoming a victim of artillery was especially great. On the walls of houses in such dangerous places there were special warning inscriptions. Of course, they have not survived to this day, but some of them have been recreated in memory of the blockade. So, on Ammermann Street, on the wall of house No. 25, you can see a warning sign. This memorial plaque is one of the numerous monuments of the Hero City of Leningrad.

Liberation of the city

January 14, 1944 began the Leningrad-Novgorod offensive operation. Five days later, the Red Army achieved significant success. January 27, 1944 the hero city of Leningrad was liberated from the enemy blockade. There were fireworks that day.

The evacuation began in the summer. Ironically, many residents refused to leave their homes. But of those who agreed to go, few survived. Exhausted Leningraders died on the road and in hospitals from ailments caused by years of famine.

monuments

The city has a lot of places reminiscent of the victims of the blockade. One of the most famous monuments is the Obelisk "To the Hero City of Leningrad". It is located on Vosstaniya Square and was installed in 1985. The obelisk is a granite monolith 36 meters high. Decorated with bronze bas-reliefs and crowned with a star. The project of the monument was created by the architect Vladimir Lukyanov.

Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery is located in the north of St. Petersburg. A monument to the heroes of Leningrad was erected here. The cemetery was founded before the war - in 1939. During the years of the blockade, it turned into a place of mass graves. There are several mass graves here. Both the soldiers of the Leningrad Front and civilians who died of starvation are buried in them.

Those who died during the war years were also buried at the Nevsky cemetery, which was razed to the ground two decades after the Great Victory. In its place, in 1977, the Cranes memorial was erected.

The road that supplied the city with food was located near the front line. She was under the protection of special military units. In December 1941, defensive lines were built on the ice, consisting mainly of ice fortifications. Today, where the "Road of Life" passed, seven monuments and more than forty memorial pillars have been erected.

Other well-known monuments: "Torn Face", the memorial route "Rzhevsky Corridor", the sculpture "Grieving Mother". In total, there are more than twenty sights associated with the blockade of Leningrad in St. Petersburg.

Blockade Museum

It was opened in 1946. But until 1990 it was called the Leningrad Defense Museum. True, for several decades this institution was closed. As a result of the so-called "Leningrad case", the premises were transferred to the Ministry of the Navy. Many exhibits were destroyed. Restoration began only during the years of perestroika.

The museum is located at the address: Solyanoy lane, building 9. The exposition includes about 20 thousand items, including furniture, things that give an idea of ​​the life of Leningraders in the period 1942-1944.

post-war period

The restoration of the city began immediately after the liberation. In 1950, a plan for the development of Leningrad was approved, which envisaged the expansion of the territory around the historical center. In the 1950s, new architectural ensembles appeared in the northern capital. In 1960, construction began on the western part of Vasilyevsky Island, which changed the face of the historic district. The center of Leningrad was included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1990. A year later, the city was renamed St. Petersburg.

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Leningrad, the cradle of the proletarian revolution of 1917, was a special city for the USSR, therefore, the plans of the Nazi command included its complete destruction and extermination of the population. Fierce fighting on the outskirts of Leningrad began on July 10, 1041. Initially, numerical superiority was on the side of the enemy: almost 2.5 times more soldiers, 10 times more aircraft, 1.2 times more tanks, and almost 6 times more mortars. As a result, on September 8, 1941, the Nazis managed to capture Shlisselburg and thus take control of the source of the Neva. As a result, Leningrad was blocked from land (cut off from the mainland).

From that moment, the infamous 900-day blockade of the city began, which lasted until January 1944. Despite the terrible famine that began and the continuous attacks of the enemy, as a result of which almost 650,000 residents of Leningrad were killed, they showed themselves to be real heroes, directing all their forces to fight with the fascist invaders.

The following figures became noteworthy facts in the history of the military annals of the city on the Neva: more than 500 thousand Leningraders went to work on the construction of defensive structures; they built 35 km of barricades and anti-tank obstacles, as well as more than 4,000 bunkers and pillboxes; equipped with 22,000 firing points. At the cost of their own health and lives, the courageous Leningrad heroes gave the front thousands of field and naval guns, repaired and released 2,000 tanks from the assembly line, manufactured 10 million shells and mines, 225,000 machine guns and 12,000 mortars.

The first breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad occurred on January 18, 1943, by the efforts of the troops of the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, when a corridor 8-11 km wide was formed between the front line and Lake Ladoga. A year later, Leningrad was completely liberated. On December 22, 1942, by decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" was established, which was awarded to about 1.5 million defenders of the city. For the first time, Leningrad was named a hero city in Stalin's order of May 1, 1945. In 1965, this title was officially awarded to him.

The tragic events of 1941-44. in the city on the Neva, many monuments and monuments are dedicated. On May 9, 1975, in honor of the 30th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the Memorial to the Heroes - Defenders of Leningrad was opened. It is an area of ​​1200 sq. m, with a majestic granite obelisk in the center of a torn ring, inside there are sculptural compositions "Defenders of the City", "Blockade". In the underground part there is a museum containing material exhibits and documents reflecting the feat of the courageous defenders of Leningrad and its inhabitants during the war.

A mournful monument dedicated to the Leningraders - victims of the war, is the Piskarevsky cemetery, the grand opening of which took place on May 9, 1960. The Motherland - Motherland monument is its central figure. It represents the majestic figure of a woman with a garland of oak leaves in her hands, braided with a mourning ribbon. So "Motherland - Mother" mourns its heroes. A mourning stele with high reliefs depicting episodes from the life and struggle of the heroes of the city of Leningrad became part of the Piskarevsky cemetery.

The title of Hero City was awarded to Leningrad in 1965. And 20 years later, on May 8, 1985, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Victory, an obelisk to the "Hero City of Leningrad" was erected on the largest square in Leningrad - Vosstaniya Square. It is a vertical granite monolith with a total height of 36 meters, decorated with bronze high reliefs and crowned with the Golden Star of the Hero. In the lower part of the obelisk, oval high reliefs are installed, which depict the main moments of the heroic defense of Leningrad - "Blockade", "Rear to the Front", "Attack", "Victory". On the decorative cartouche is the Order of Lenin and the inscription - "To the Hero City of Leningrad". This is the second largest granite monolith in St. Petersburg after the Alexander Column on Palace Square.

In 1965-1968, a complex of memorial structures was created on the frontiers of the battle for Leningrad, known as the "Green Belt of Glory". The total length of the Green Belt of Glory is over 200 km and includes green spaces, within which there are 26 monuments. In addition, nine monuments were erected on the Oranienbaum bridgehead and seven monuments on the Road of Life. Consists of the Big and Small blockade ring. There are over 80 monuments, obelisks, stelae and other structures united into memorial complexes on the former front line. The symbolic center of the "Green Belt of Glory" is the monument "Heroic Defenders of Leningrad" on Victory Square.

One of the most striking monuments of this complex is the "Broken Ring" - a memorial on the western shore of Lake Ladoga. This sculpture in the form of two iron arches bent in a semicircle was opened in 1966. It symbolizes the ring into which the city was taken by the enemy, and the gap between the arches is the “road of life” along Lake Ladoga.

Another memorial of the Green Belt of Glory, erected in memory of those tragic years, is the "Flower of Life" in the Vsevolzhsky district of the Leningrad region. The sculpture depicting a flower was opened in 1968 and is dedicated to the dead children of the besieged city. Each petal features the face of a smiling boy and the words, "May there always be sunshine."

In August 1941, the Finnish army, having carried out a successful offensive in the region of northern Ladoga, cut the Kirov railway, the White Sea-Baltic Canal in the area of ​​Lake Onega and the Volga-Baltic Way in the area of ​​the Svir River. In the last days of August, German troops captured the Mga station 50 km east of Leningrad, and on September 8, 1941, the Germans captured the city of Shlisselburg on the shores of Lake Ladoga. The last railway linking the city with the rest of the USSR was cut. The ring of blockade around Leningrad was closed. The only land route that supplied the city was the transport highway across Lake Ladoga, known as the Road of Life. During the period of clean water, the supply was by water transport, during the period of freezing, an auto-drawn road worked across the lake. From the western coast of Ladoga, controlled by the besieged troops of the Leningrad Front, cargo was delivered directly to Leningrad along the Irinovskaya railway. The railroad ran parallel to the railroad.

In memory of the events of those years, in the city of Vsevolozhsk, through which the Road of Life passed on Rumbolovskaya Hill, a memorial was erected in 1967. The monument is very expressive - large, upward-looking oak leaves, laurel and an acorn near them, as symbols of strength, glory and the continuation of life. In 2012, a life-size bronze sculpture of a Gaz-AA truck with the inscription "In memory of a soldier-car" was installed there.

One of the monuments of the "Green Belt of Glory" is the memorial "Katyusha". Built in 1966, on a hill near the village of Kornevo, Vsevolozhsk district. Anti-aircraft artillery units were located here, which protected the Road of Life from enemy aircraft. It consists of five 14-meter steel beams mounted on a concrete base at an angle to the horizon, and symbolizes a rocket artillery vehicle, which was nicknamed "Katyusha" among the soldiers. Nearby is a stele with a commemorative inscription. The architect of the monument was L. V. Chulkevich, who during the blockade commanded a convoy and delivered food and ammunition along this route. For this project, he received the Komsomol Prize.

Another monument of the "Green Belt" "Izhora Ram" is located in Kolpino. Installed in 1967, at the forefront of the defense of Leningrad. It consists of two vertical reinforced concrete beams and one horizontal one, directed towards the side where the enemy positions were. Dedicated to the soldiers of the Izhora battalion of the Leningrad Front. An 85 mm anti-aircraft gun was installed nearby.

The Oranienbaum bridgehead (also known as the Primorsky bridgehead or Malaya Zemlya) played a huge role in the defense of Leningrad. It was a land area adjacent to the Gulf of Finland 65 km long and 25 km deep from the coastline to the west of Leningrad. The foothold from Leningrad was separated by units of the 18th German Army. The western point of the bridgehead - on the Voronka River - was the westernmost point of the USSR, not occupied by the Wehrmacht troops.

In September 1941, the troops of the 8th Army, supported by naval and coastal artillery of the Baltic Fleet, stopped the German offensive in the Kernovo-Peterhof area. However, the attempt of the Soviet 8th Army, simultaneously with the counterattack of the 42nd Army from Leningrad (Strelninsko-Peterhof operation October 5-10, 1941), to establish direct communication with the city, failed. Having failed, the Soviet troops switched to a stable defense. This small enclave of Soviet troops in more than two years of the war, the Germans did not manage to liquidate. Thanks to the Oranienbaum Piglet, the Soviet forces managed to maintain control over the part of the Gulf of Finland adjacent to Leningrad and create tension in the rear of the German troops. It was from the Oranienbaum bridgehead on January 14 - 30, 1944 that the Krasnoselsko-Ropsha operation (also known as the "January Thunder") began, which resulted in the complete removal of the blockade of Leningrad from German troops.

On the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War - a section of Channel One about hero cities. And today - one of the most tragic pages of the military annals: the blockade of Leningrad.

872 days of brutal siege, famine, air and artillery strikes. The Nazis decided to wipe the city off the face of the earth, but Leningrad did not give up. Every day of the struggle for life has become heroic.

From these sounds, many Leningraders still shudder. Although, it would seem, an ordinary metronome. Musical pieces are taught under it. Before the war, who would have thought that these clicks would be the signals of an air attack? Fast pace - the beginning, slow - hang up.

The blockade began on September 8, 1941. On this day, the German units captured the Mga station. The last railway line passed through it, connecting Leningrad with the mainland. The Nazis went to the Neva, and the Finnish troops, allied to Hitler, blocked the city from the north. There were bombings before that, but on September 8 and 10, the Germans targeted the Badaev warehouses.

“There was a very strong bombardment. On Vasilevsky Island, there was a communal apartment, my girlfriend and I were standing at the window, and you could see the flames, how the Badaevsky warehouses were burning. That was such a flame,” recalls Inna Strelnikova, a blockade fighter, MPVO fighter.

Warehouses named after People's Commissar of Food Industry Badaev were used as a strategic food storage. After their destruction, it became clear that Leningrad would hold out for a couple of months at most. The population of the city at that time was about two and a half million, plus tens of thousands of refugees from the surrounding villages and cities. In addition, it was necessary to feed the troops of the Leningrad Front. The norms for issuing products were immediately reduced. And within a month, the ration was reduced twice more. As a result, by December, employees and children began to receive 125 grams of bread, 250 - workers, soldiers - 300.

"They gave cake. Not bread, there was no bread. Here they gave it, it was in your pocket. You suck it, and that's it. All the needles of fir trees were eaten by us. Only trunks, tops remained. 150 meters from the Nazis - barbed wire. They hung loaves of bread. They hung up cans of canned food and shouted: Russians, give up! - says the veteran of the Great Patriotic War, member of the defense of Leningrad Ivan Sokolov.

It was a planned killing of people. Hunger. Here is the proof - the directive of the chief of staff of the German naval forces, published after the Nuremberg trials. No. 1601 of 1941: "... The Fuhrer decided to wipe the city of Leningrad off the face of the earth. The existence of this largest settlement is of no interest ... It is supposed to surround the city with a tight ring and, by shelling from artillery of all calibers and continuous bombing from the air, raze it to the ground. If ... requests for surrender are made, they will be rejected ... "

Finnish President Risto Ryti also called for the liquidation of Leningrad. Then these plans were still classified, but even if they were known, the city would still not give up!

In the famous Blockade Book, the writers Ales Adamovich and Daniil Granin collected the memories of Leningraders. Five hundred pages of interviews, documents and diaries, where even those who did not survive remember the terrible days of the siege. And not a single word of surrender. For blockade survivors, the thought of this is insulting even now, 70 years later. Indeed, in the city for 872 days of the blockade, about one and a half million inhabitants died, of which only 3% were from bombing, the rest from starvation.

"Silence. The city lost its sounds. Only the sound of a metronome. Silent long lines at bakeries for bread. Corpses lay on the streets. In the entrances, because they could not be removed. The city was already without dogs, without cats, without birds, even no winter birds was not," says writer Daniil Granin.

And at the same time, the blockade survivors showed incredible humanity - they sacrificed themselves, worked, saved others. In March 1942, the whole city went out to clean up. Leningraders, barely able to stand, chipped off frozen sewage and removed the bodies of dead people, clearing their streets and yards. Thus, the epidemic was avoided. People suffering from dystrophy went to the militia units. Even the blind were asked to go to the front!

"On January 14, 1942, twelve completely blind people, in the medical language - totally blind, were drafted into the Red Army in the Air Defense Forces. And they served in the rank of sergeants" rumors, "says Oleg Zinchenko, leading specialist of the People's Museum of History of St. Petersburg RO VOS.

For days blind sergeants with the help of special sound pickups listened to the sky and warned of an air raid. Moreover, they could even distinguish the type of aircraft and its workload. It was they who corrected the rhythm of the Leningrad metronome.

When Ladoga froze, Leningraders laid an ice track across the lake, called the Road of Life. People were evacuated along it and food was delivered. Immediately after this, the rations, albeit not by much, were increased.

The Kirov plant did not stop throughout the blockade. The front passed four kilometers from the shops, but even under shelling, the workers fired tanks and shells.

Scientists came up with surrogate products: yeast was made from wood, vitamins were made from spruce needles, jelly was made from algae. 28 employees of the Institute of Plant Growing died of starvation, but saved several tons of unique grain crops. The National Library, the theatre, the Philharmonic all worked. The famous Seventh Symphony was written by Shostakovich in besieged Leningrad.

Soviet troops did not stop trying to break through the encirclement. "Nevsky Piglet" - a tiny foothold on the banks of the Neva - our soldiers, despite the monstrous losses, held out all the days of the blockade. And in January 1943, in this place, the enemy ring was finally broken through. And a year later, as a result of the operation "January Thunder", the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts pushed the enemy back 100 kilometers, and the blockade of Leningrad was completely lifted.

Early August - the German offensive developed in three directions. In the north, the goal of offensive operations was the capture of Leningrad. The offensive in the central direction had the ultimate goal of destroying the capital of the country - Moscow. In the southeastern direction, the German command planned to seize Ukraine, the Crimean peninsula and enter the Caucasus. In a short time, German troops advanced 400-500 km in the northwest direction, 450-600 km in the west, and 300-350 km in the southwest.

On July 10, 1941, the German offensive begins in the Leningrad direction. Gradually, German troops began to compress the ring around Leningrad.

At the end of August they were cut railways linking Leningrad with the country. Communication with him was carried out only through Lake Ladoga and by air. On September 8, land communication between Leningrad and the country was stopped. The 900-day blockade of the city began. In September, one of the largest enemy air raids on Leningrad was made. 276 planes took part in it, during one day the city was bombed 6 times. On November 20, the hunger blockade of Leningrad began.

For sixteen months, the great city of Lenin stood like an unshakable cliff, fighting off ferocious attacks, artillery strikes, brutal bombings. The enemy did everything possible to first by storm, and after the failure of the storm with a barbaric blockade, to bring Leningrad to its knees. The glorious city lived under fire for many months, steadfastly enduring hunger and cold, and finally waited for a bright day - a breakthrough of the fascist blockade by part of the forces of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts. After careful preparation, on January 12, 1943, at dawn, an artillery cannonade thundered from both sides. The decisive battle has begun. It was necessary to overcome a powerful strip of fortifications erected by the Germans. The Soviet troops were blocked by dense barbed wire, solid minefields, high ramparts, several lines of pillboxes and bunkers. But nothing could resist the onslaught of Soviet fighters who sought to liberate Leningrad from the blockade.

The first blow inflicted on the enemy was extremely strong. After two hours of artillery and aviation preparation, at 11:15 a.m., the Soviet infantry moved forward with the support of artillery fire. The front was broken in two places.

In one section, the width of the breakthrough was 5 kilometers, in the neighboring section - 8 kilometers. Later, both sections of the breakthrough connected. The struggle around the main strongholds of the enemy began to boil.

Shots rumbled all around, the air was filled with the breath of a fierce battle.

January 18, 1943 is a big day in the history of the Soviet struggle against Nazi Germany. Breaking the blockade of Leningrad, under whose walls the Germans lost tens of thousands of their soldiers, was not only a major failure of Hitler's strategic plans, but also his serious political defeat.

In the battle for Leningrad, over 350 thousand soldiers of the Leningrad Front were awarded orders and medals, 226 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, about 1.5 million people were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".

The heroic defense of Leningrad is a mass, nationwide feat. On May 1, 1945, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Leningrad was declared a hero city. In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 8, 1965, for outstanding services to the Motherland, courage and heroism shown by the working people of the city of Leningrad in the fight against the Nazi invaders in the difficult conditions of a long enemy blockade, the hero city of Leningrad, previously awarded for These merits were awarded the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal was awarded.

summary of other presentations

"The diary of Tanya Savicheva" - A monument was erected. Notebook. Grandma Evdokia. Only Tanya remained. Write on the letter "g". Mother. Genuine document. Diary of Tanya Savicheva. Well, what about Tanya? Blockade diary of Tanya Savicheva. Grave of Tanya Savicheva. Granite monument with bronze bas-relief. Zhenya's older sister. Tanya Savicheva. Write on the letter "b". Brother Leonid (Lyoka). Recorded with the letter "L". Recorded with the letter "m". Write on the letter "v".

"The time of the blockade of Leningrad" - In January 1943, the blockade was broken by Soviet troops. 2 million 544 thousand people. Piskarevsky cemetery. Many children survived. Operation. About those who will never come again - I conjure - remember. Breaking the blockade. Starvation. Meet the quivering spring, people of the Earth. The most terrible siege of the city in military history humanity. The city lived and fought. Leningrad blockade. Carry the dream through the years and fill it with life.

"Children in the blockade of Leningrad" - Sister Zhenya died right at the factory. Diary of Tatyana Savicheva. Children were taken away from Leningrad on boats. Birches whisper along the road of life. The Savichevs were going to spend the summer of 1941 in a village near Gdov. Nobody is forgotten. Today, on the road of life stands the monument "Flower of Life". Goals. People of Leningrad. Children of besieged Leningrad. We cannot list their noble names here. The girl was evacuated to the Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) region.

"Years of the siege of Leningrad" - Diary. Sinister flames. Children. People lived their lives. The date of the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad. Education of patriotism. The war has begun. Death overtook people everywhere. The road of life. Day of military glory. Chest to the defense of Leningrad. Fascists. Olga Fedorovna Berggolts. Leningrad blockade. Leningrad. Projectiles flew. Blockade. Side of the street. Hunger blockade. Residents defended their hometown. Creation. Front road.

"Leningrad 1941-1944" - Monument to the heroic defenders of besieged Leningrad. "City - Hero". In Yaroslavl, a monument to the victims of the besieged Leningrad. Siege of Leningrad September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944. It was Kosygin who organized the movement on the "Road of Life" and settled the differences between the civil and military authorities. Everyone was waiting for frost ... A.N. Kosygin. Encirclement of Leningrad. G.K. Zhukov. Words cannot express how we felt then. City during the Blockade.

“Leningrad during the war years” - They even tried to leave a small piece of bread for a long time. Victory Square. Dystrophy spread in the city, people fainted from hunger. All Leningraders firmly believed that they would win. Olga Bergolts wrote a poem. Lake Ladoga remained the only way to communicate with besieged Leningrad. Nothing could break the Leningraders. There are 3 military cemeteries in Leningrad. Two fingers on the counter did not meet: the guys kept the queue.