Environment calendar. folk calendar

Natural clock, calendar, compass World around, Grade 2 Lesson No. 5

What is a natural clock? What is a calendar? What do you need a clock, calendar and compass for? How did people in ancient times navigate without special devices?

Define the main question of the lesson No, the picture shows the evening, and the boy is looking north. The picture shows the morning. The boy saw something in the south. Who is right? What questions arise? Lesson topic: Natural clock, calendar and compass. How can you tell the time of day without a clock? How do you know which direction to go?

Co-discovery of knowledge Natural clock What natural phenomenon formed the basis of natural clocks? When there were no clocks, people learned the time of day from the sun. The time of day when the sun rises highest is called noon. At noon, shadows from objects are shortest. Try to determine the time of day in the drawings in the textbook p. 20 On the left figure is a summer afternoon, the shadow is short. On the right is a summer evening: the shadow is long.

Orientation in time A bit of history To measure small periods of time, people invented the clock. Even in ancient Egypt, the first sundial was invented. In the middle of a flat area, a peg was driven in, which on a sunny day cast a shadow. During the day the shadow moved. And by its position, people determined the time of day.

Orientation by the Sun The Sun is the central body of the solar system, a hot plasma ball. In winter, the sun at noon (12 noon) is low. Objects cast long shadows. In summer the sun rises high. At noon, objects cast short shadows.

The solar clock was replaced by a water clock, which was invented in Egypt. They showed the time not only during the day, but also at night. The water clock consisted of two containers filled with water. Did you know that the first alarm clock on earth was also a water one. It was more like a school bell. Its creator was the ancient Greek scientist and philosopher Plato, who lived 400 years before our era. With this device, he called the students to his lessons. Then came the hourglass, which is still in use today.

About 2000 years ago, the hourglass was invented, which has survived to this day. But the most comfortable are the mechanical watches we use today.

Did you know that there are "live" clocks. In the old days, people woke up with the call of a rooster. There are also flower clocks. People have long noticed that flowers open and close at the same time of day. For example, dandelions unfold at 5 o'clock in the morning. And water lilies can be called river clocks. They are still called "tourist watches". They open their snow-white petals at 7 am and turn to follow the sun throughout the day.

Joint discovery of knowledge Natural calendar Guess what the numbers under the picture mean? How does the appearance of the moon change in one week? Sometimes it is a month, sometimes it is round, and for some time it is not in the sky at all. Then everything repeats. Month growing First week Number of days. Month gets old Second week Third week Fourth week How long does one cycle of the transformation of the moon last? There are 28 days between two new moons, almost a month. That is why the second name of the moon is the month. What can be called a natural calendar? Natural calendar - Moon.

Orientation by the Moon The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth, the closest celestial body to it. Lunar calendar There are 28 days between two new moons, almost a month. This underlies the creation of the lunar calendar.

Co-discovery of knowledge Natural compass The captain steers the ship for many days without seeing the land. How does he know that he is moving in the right direction? Read the text on page 22 to answer the question. The captain navigates by the sun and stars. If you stand facing the sun at noon, where will the shadow fall? Where will the east and west be located? The shadow will fall to the north, the east will be on the left, the west will be on the right. How to determine the time if the direction to the north is known? If north coincides with the shadow, then it is noon.

Joint discovery of knowledge Natural compass How to find cardinal points using the North Star? The North Star points to the North, the south will be behind, the west will be on the left, and the east will be on the right. What can be called a natural compass? The natural compass is the Sun and the North Star. And if there are clouds in the sky day and night. How to know the direction? ?

Joint discovery of knowledge To determine the cardinal points, a special device is used - a compass. Read about the compass on page 23 Find the cardinal directions in class.

This is interesting: who and when invented the compass? The history of the compass… The compass was invented in ancient China, as were paper, umbrellas and gunpowder. Even in China, 2 thousand years ago, a magnet was used to indicate the direction when traveling in the deserts. The Chinese compass looked like a magnetite spoon mounted on a plate, on which the cardinal points were indicated. By pushing the handle of the spoon, it was set in rotational motion. The compass pointed straight south. Later, a floating compass needle made of an artificial magnet appeared in Chinese compasses. She was usually in the shape of a fish. This fish was lowered into a vessel with water, where it swam freely, pointing its head in the direction where the south was. Then the compass needle began to be made in the form of a sewing needle. At the beginning of the XIII century, the "floating needle" became known to Europeans. The compass was the first navigational instrument that made it possible to plot a course on the high seas. Thanks to the compass, Spanish and Portuguese sailors at the end of the 15th century ventured on distant voyages across the ocean. In Europe, in the 12th and 13th centuries, a magnetic needle was used, mounted on a cork and lowered into a vessel with water. In the 14th century, Flavio Gioia improved the mechanism: the arrow was put on a vertical pin, a light circle was attached to it, and all this was placed in a dry round box, called the "bowler"

Orientation - establishing your location, direction, time of movement. Orientation In time By clock By calendar Solar Lunar On the ground By the sun By the stars By local signs By compass

This is interesting: Many ancient civilizations had their own calendars: Notches on poles Knots on ropes Ancient structures, for example, a monument of ancient culture. stonehenge

The history of the calendar... The calendar also appeared in ancient times. Watching the heavenly bodies, people determined the auspicious time for sowing and harvesting. And noticed the cyclical nature of these time periods. In ancient times, each nation had its own calendars. The most famous are the lunar and solar calendars. For example, when observing the moon, people have noticed that 28 days pass between two new moons - almost a month. That is why the second name of the moon is the month. Surprisingly, one of the most accurate is the calendar of the ancient Maya Indians. According to the calculations of Mayan astronomers, the year is 364 days, which almost corresponds to the modern calendar (365 days).

A clock is a device that keeps track of time throughout the day. Calendar - 1. The system of counting large periods of time. 2. Table or book with a list of all the days of the year. Compass - a device for determining the cardinal points (sides of the horizon).

A young guy stood up on the first step, An old gray-haired man came to the twelfth step. year Every year they come to visit us: One is gray-haired, the other is young, The third jumps, the fourth cries. seasons At night I walk through the sky, I dimly illuminate the earth. I'm very bored alone, And my name is ... the moon Bagel, bagel, Golden horns! The cloud sat on his shoulders. From the clouds he hung his legs. month Decorated the night blue Golden orange. A week has passed only, From him there was a slice. moon and month One fire warms the whole world. sun White flowers bloom in the evening in the sky, And fade in the morning. The stars With the dawn was born, The more he grew, The less the day became The bird waved its sleeve, Covered the light with one feather. night On New Year's Eve he came to the house with such a ruddy fat man. But every day he lost weight And, finally, completely disappeared. calendar We walk at night, we walk during the day, But we won't go anywhere. We beat regularly, every hour, And you, friends, do not beat us! clock

Lesson summary? What are clocks and calendars for? ? How can you tell the time of day without a clock? ? How to use the solar calendar? ? How to use the lunar calendar?

Conclusion: What work are we doing now? What have you learned? Who can handle it easily? Who has had a hard time? Who or what helped you cope? Who is happy with their work today? Who would like to fix it? What do I need to do? What mark would you give yourself?

The test on the topic "Universe, time, calendar" was compiled on the basis of the material of the textbook "Perspective" of the authors A.A. Pleshakov and M.Yu. Novitskaya Grade 2. The test material allows you to test students' knowledge of this section.

View document content
"Test "Universe, time, calendar" around the world."

Department of Education of the Administration of the City of Lipetsk

Municipal budgetary educational institution

gymnasium №19 im. N.Z. Popovicheva, Lipetsk

Test around the world

on this topic: "universe, time, calendar»

Mitina Ludmila Valerievna,

primary school teacher

MBOU gymnasium No. 19 named after. N.Z. Popovicheva

the city of Lipetsk

Lipetsk - 2018

Surname, name __________________

Test on the section "Universe, time, calendar"

1. The word "Federation" means _________________________________________

2. Huge, red-hot celestial bodies that emit light are _______________

3. Cold celestial bodies that do not emit their own light are _____________

4. List a few planets _____________________________________________

5. The earth's surface, which we see around us, is limited by a line that is _____________________________________________________

6. What device is used to determine the sides of the horizon ______________________

7. List the main sides of the horizon ____________________________________

8. The model of the Earth is called ______________________________________________

9. Device for measuring time ___________________________________________

10. What units of time do you know _____________________________

________________________________________________________________________

11. The time of a complete revolution of the Earth around its axis _______________________

12. The time for which the Earth makes a complete revolution around the Sun ____________

13. List the seasons _________________________________________________

14. All changes occurring in nature are called _______________________

15.What is the weather ________________________________________________________

16. What holidays do you know _______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

17. What science teaches us to take care of the world around ________________

18. Give examples of environmental days ___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

19. Why there is a change of seasons _____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

20. Give examples of natural phenomena _____________________________________

1. Association, union.

2. Stars.

3. Planets.

4. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter.

5. Horizon.

6. Compass.

7. North, west, south, east.

8. Globe.

10. Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, century.

13. Summer, winter, spring, autumn.

14. Natural phenomena or natural phenomena.

15. The combination of air temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, wind - weather.

16. Day of Russia, Day of Knowledge, National Unity Day, Constitution Day, Teacher's Day.

17. Ecology.

18. World Water Day, Birds Day, Earth Day, Animal Protection Day.

19. The change of seasons is explained by the movement of the Earth around the Sun and the tilt of the earth's axis.

20. Change of seasons, change of day and night, rotation of the Earth, its movement in orbit.

Literature:

The world. Textbook for 2 cells. early school At 2 p.m. H 1 / A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya; Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education. Publishing house "Enlightenment". - M.: Education, 2012. - 127 p.: ill.

Workbook 1 for the textbook for grade 2 "The world around" / A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya. – M.: Enlightenment, 2014.

Vasilyeva T.Yu. Lesson developments for the course "The World Around": Grade 2. - M.: VAKO, 2013. - 416 p. - (To help the school teacher).

Children's calendar of nature- This is a manual for familiarizing a child with natural phenomena and cycles, flora and fauna. Playing the meteorologist allows the child to observe the world around him more closely, notice the details, and helps him fall in love with nature.

The nature calendar "The World Around" from the publishing house "Fantasyland" is intended for children aged 6-7 years (preparatory group) and is aimed at studying not only weather phenomena. Numerous cards depict different animals and plants, children playing; there are even cards dedicated to significant holidays: for example, the New Year.

It is included in the kit

• wall poster "Calendar of nature" (laminated cardboard, 700x490 mm)
• 200 thematic cards
• magnetic and cardboard parts for assembly
• guidance book
• calendar assembly instructions

How to deal with the children's calendar of nature

playing fields

There are several zones on the calendar:

1. Scale "Temperature"
2. Scale "Days of the week"
3. Scale "Dates"
4. Field "Seasons"
5. Year field
6. Three transparent pockets "Phenomena of inanimate nature"
7. Three pockets "Wildlife"
8. Pocket "Holiday"
9. Pocket "Period of the season"

Classes with each field will make up a comprehensive observation of the outside world and will give answers to many children's questions.

Several calendar fields require additional assembly. To do this, the kit includes arrows, cardboard "buttons" and magnets, as well as two cords.

We fasten the red and white cords in a special way (the diagram is given in the instructions) and thread them into special metal rings at the ends of the drawn thermometer. Now your child can set the correct temperature just by pulling the string.

The field "Seasons" is a circle divided into 4 sectors. There is a magnet in the center of the circle, you need to attach an arrow to it (also on a magnet). This arrow will indicate not only the time of year, but also a specific month, providing full visibility during the lesson.

Along the bottom edge of the calendar are scales for dates and days of the week. They are also equipped with a magnet - a long strip to which the pointer is attached. The pointer is a bright circle with a magnet on the back. With it, the child notes the required date on the calendar.

Cards

But the most interesting thing is, of course, the cards. The variety of pictures adequately reflects the number of natural phenomena and changes that a child can see.

The cards are on large sheets, the cut points are indicated by a dotted line. On the back of each card is a word or phrase that names what is shown on the front side. For example: "dragonfly", "we plant seedlings of flowers."

The cards are multi-format, corresponding to their "windows" on the calendar.

Every day you and your child observe the world around you, noting all the usual and unusual phenomena. Turning it into a game can be completely different. For example, you can record the events of the past day on the calendar. Or hold a quiz, remembering yesterday.

Among the cards are various types of plants and animals. They will help the child to learn a lot of new things.

And, of course, you can always add to the proposed set of cards. Invite the child to draw for himself what struck him and interested him in the process of observation.

The calendar has the most "pleasant" window - "Holiday". In addition to the proposed cards (“New Year”, “Cosmonautics Day”), you can insert symbols of any holiday that is significant for your family or for a child. Mark birthdays, name days, the first day of school or the first day of summer on the calendar - whatever you want. The more personal the child marks on the calendar, the more willingly he will become engaged in it.

Thanks to removable elements, the calendar is universal and will last for a long time without bothering the child.

What develops the children's calendar of nature

Svetlana Vokhrintseva's nature calendar is both a result and a verification of the child's observations. Laying out the cards in the windows, he learns to systematize the information received, to highlight the main facts from it. A variety of fields on the calendar clearly show the connection between natural phenomena and seasons, seasons - and encountered animals, plants, as well as the connection between weather and human actions.

The child will become more observant, inquisitive and attentive. Composing stories about the past day, he will develop coherent speech, learn and remember new words.

Also, your young naturalist will improve memory, logical and imaginative thinking.

"Calendar of Nature" is a practical educational visual aid for expanding the ideas of preschool children about the world around them.

4 types (format 50x70 cm) for individual age groups:

• 3-4 years;
• 4-5 years;
• 5-6 years;
• 6-7 years;

"Calendar of Nature" is the first diary for kids.

By observing nature and recording the results in the Nature Calendar, children will learn to identify:

• year, season, month, day of the week and day of the month;
• How does the weather change as the seasons change?
• what happens in the plant and animal world;
• what happens in human activity.

See detailed description separately for each calendar.

Nature Calendar includes:

• bright posters sized 50x70 cm made of thick laminated cardboard,
• manual for working with the "Calendar of nature",
• catalog of the Fantasyland Publishing House,
• sets of cards (from 27 to 200 pieces),
• magnetic devices.

• parents and tutors,
• specialists in the field of preschool education,
• educators,
• speech therapists
• psychologists,
• teachers of creative development centers,
• primary school teachers,
• teachers of foreign languages.

With the help of the "Calendar of Nature" in the process of observing changes in the world around it is necessary to teach children:

• to see and emotionally perceive the beauty of the surrounding world, observe nature and reflect their observations in the "Calendar of Nature";
• determine, compare the seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn) and name the signs of seasonal changes in nature;
• determine the natural connection of natural phenomena;
• define and designate in the "Calendar of Nature" with the help of arrows, sliders-magnets and cards:
• year, season, month, day of the week and day of the month,
• weather phenomena (cloudiness, precipitation, wind, air temperature),
• changes in the plant, animal world and in human labor;
• select illustrations corresponding to a given period of the season (for example, January - winter);
• determine and name clothes for children and adults corresponding to a given season;
• talk about what educational films about the nature of other countries they watched; what they learned about plants and animals, climate and weather, about the life and work of local residents, etc.;
• answer questions from an adult: how many seasons are there? What seasons do you know? How many months in a year? What month has the longest day and shortest night? What is the name of the first month of autumn, winter, spring, summer? In what month do we celebrate the New Year? What season is this?;
• memorize dates and understand the meaning of public holidays (February 23, May 1, etc.), determine which holiday corresponds to which season of the year;
• inserting a photo of the birthday boy into the “Holiday” pocket, wishing each other a happy birthday;
• generalize and systematize basic knowledge about the seasons, weather, flora and fauna, human labor in nature; about the nature of other countries and continents; the number and names of the months of the year and days of the week; about public holidays, etc.;
• work with models, diagrams and cards of the "Calendar of Nature".

GDZ on the world around from the workbook for grade 2 part 1 authors Pleshakov A.A. and Novitskaya M.Yu. - the program Perspective is presented on this page. We hope they will help with the preparation of homework.

GDZ around the world - grade 2 - workbook - part 1 - authors: Pleshakov A.A. and Novitskaya M.Yu.

universe, time, calendar

Page 3 - 5 - We are the union of the peoples of Russia

1. Cut out from the Application figures of people in costumes of some peoples of Russia. Make a fun round dance from the figures. If you are at a loss, look at the textbook.

In the center write down the names of other peoples of Russia that you know.

2. Look at the map in the textbook on p. 4-5. Find on it the name of the part of the Russian Federation where you live. Complete the sentence with this:

I live in Moscow region .

3. Imagine the union of different parts of Russia in the form of a magical flower. On one of its petals beautifully write the name of your part of the Russian Federation.

On the other petals of the flower, write the names of the parts of Russia where your relatives or friends live.

4. Find out from your elders or guess for yourself how the name Russian Federation is sometimes abbreviated in documents.

Write down your answer: RF .

5. This is a frame - for photographs, drawings or a poem, a story about the most interesting things in your republic (region, territory, district, city, village). Together with the elders, decorate it for yourself as a keepsake.

Red Square in Moscow

We are inhabitants of the universe

Page 6 - 7

1. Imagine that you are admiring the world around you. Draw two pictures. Explain (verbally) why you wanted to make these drawings.

Write down the definition.

The universe is the whole world: stars, planets, satellites.

3. Find out the description of the celestial bodies and write their names in the boxes.

• Incandescent celestial bodies that emit light - 6 letters.

STARS

• Cold celestial bodies. Revolve around the sun. Do not emit their own light - 7 letters.

PLANETS

• Cold celestial bodies. Revolve around the planets - 8 letters.

SATELLITES

4. Sign the names of the planets using a textbook or on your own.

Our "Spaceship" - Earth

Page 8 - 9

1. How do you imagine the Earth - our "spaceship"? Draw.

Earth is our spaceship

2. Fill in the gaps in the text.

The surface of the earth that we see around us is called horizon . The boundary of this surface is called skyline .

3. Designate the sides of the horizon on the diagrams. Scheme No. 1 fill in using the textbook. Close it with your palm or a sheet of paper. Try to complete chart #2 on your own, and then test yourself.

4. Practical work "Compass".

1) Consider a compass. With the help of the picture, study its device. Show and name the parts of a compass.

*Cartushka - a circular scale (plate with divisions) with the designation of the sides of the horizon.

2) Follow all the steps according to the instructions and determine the sides of the horizon.

How to use the compass- Place the compass on a flat, horizontal surface. - Pull the safety catch and wait until the arrow stops. - Rotate the compass so that the blue end of the arrow matches the letter With, and red - with the letter U. Then all the letters will indicate the directions of the sides of the horizon. - When finished, put the arrow on the safety.

3. Arrange on the desktop signs with the designation of the main directions of the world.

4. Add.

Compass- This is a device for determining the sides of the horizon.

5. Solve the crossword.

1. Earth model ( the globe).
2. The northernmost point of our planet (North Pole).
3. The southernmost point of our planet (South Pole).
4. Huge expanses of water on Earth ( oceans).
5. Huge tracts of land surrounded on all sides by water ( continents).

6. Using a globe or independently identify the continents along the contour. Write the names of the continents.

Time

Page 12 - 13

1. Think of drawings-symbols denoting the past, present and future. Explain (verbally) why you wanted to make these drawings.

2. Number the units of measurement in ascending order.

Think about which units of time can be determined by the clock, and which by the calendar.

The hours can be determined: hours, minutes, seconds. According to the calendar, you can determine: year, month, week, day.

3. Practical work "Clock".
1) Consider the clock. Use the picture to study their device. Show and name the parts of the clock.

2) Watch the movement of the arrows. Which of them is the "fastest" and which one is the "slowest"?

The fastest hand on a watch is the second hand. The slowest hand on a watch is the hour hand.

When the teacher gives the signal, determine by the clock. Write down the time.

Time: 10 hours 20 minutes 32 seconds.

3) On the watch model, set a different time and determine it. Show this time by drawing arrows.

On the left of the clock: 12 hours 39 minutes. Center on the clock: 5 hours 20 minutes. Right on the clock 11 hours 00 minutes.

4) Add.

A clock is a device for measuring time.

Day and week

Page 14-15

1. Draw a picture for your fairy tale explanation of the change of day and night.

2. Cut out the details from the application, assemble the application scheme.

3. Write down the definition using a textbook or on your own.

A day is the time from one sunrise to another.

4. Number the days of the week in the correct order, starting with Monday.

5. Remember the interesting events that happened in your family on Sunday. Write a story about one of them.

One Sunday, my family and I went to nature. We take a rubber boat, a tent and other travel accessories with us. All day long in the open air with dad we fish, and mom cooks fish soup. It was a wonderful day.

my week

Page 16 -17

Make a photo story about your life in a week. Come up with captions for the photos. Write down how you evaluate the past week and why.

Football My week was great. I learned a lot of new, interesting things at school, and had a good rest on the weekend.

Month and year

1. Cut out the details from the Appendix and assemble the applique pattern.

2. During the month, observe the moon. Try to see the new moon, the "growth" of the moon, the full moon, the "aging" of the moon. Draw what the moon looks like on different days. Under the pictures, write down the dates of observations.

The phases of the moon: the "growth" of the moon, the full moon, the "aging" of the moon and the new moon

3. Draw a picture to accompany your fairy tale explanation of the changing shape of the moon.

4. Write down the definition using a textbook or on your own.

Year is the time it takes for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.

5. Number the months in the correct sequence, starting with January.

Seasons

Page 20-21

1. Come up with symbol drawings for the four seasons. Draw them in the correct sequence, starting with spring. Write the names of the seasons.

2. Cut out the details from the Appendix and assemble the applique pattern.

3. Draw a picture for your fairy tale explanation of the seasons.

4. Write down the definition.

Natural phenomena are all the changes that occur in nature.

5. Give 2-3 examples of seasonal phenomena.

spring phenomena: snowmelt, flood, drops. Summer phenomena: rainbow, hail, lightning. Autumn phenomena: fog, rain, slush. Winter phenomena: snowfall, blizzard, blizzard. Read more about natural phenomena in the article: natural phenomena.

Weather

Page 22 – 23

1. Practical work "Thermometer".

1) Using the photo and text of the workbook, study the device of the outdoor thermometer. Show and name its main parts.

The main parts of a thermometer are a glass tube filled with liquid and a scale (plate with graduations). Each division on the scale represents one degree. In the middle of the scale you see zero. This is the border between degrees of heat and degrees of frost. The end of the liquid column in the thermometer tube indicates the number of degrees.

2) Compare thermometers: outdoor, indoor, water, medical. What are their similarities and differences?

The similarity of different thermometers is that they are all used to measure temperature. The differences between different thermometers lie in their areas of application, as well as in the temperature range printed on the scale.

3) Read how the temperature is recorded and do the exercises.

The number of degrees of heat is recorded with the sign "+", and the number of degrees of frost - with the sign "-". Together with the word "degree" a small circle is placed.

For example +10, -10. If a medical thermometer shows a temperature above +37, then the person is sick.

Write in numbers:

Ten degrees of heat - +10°C ten degrees of frost - -10°C zero degrees - 0°C six degrees above zero - +6°C six degrees below zero - -6°C

Write in words:

5°C - five degrees of heat. -7°C - seven degrees below zero.

4) Using the appropriate thermometers, determine the temperature of the air, water, your body. Fill the table.

5) Write down the definition.

is a temperature measuring device.

Page 24 – 25

2. What weather phenomena are shown in the photographs? Sign.

Mark (fill the circle) those phenomena that you had to observe.
3. Conventional signs are used to designate weather phenomena. Look at them and learn how to draw.

4. Write down the definition using a textbook or on your own.

Weather is a combination of air temperature and precipitation, wind and cloud cover.

Calendar - the keeper of time, the guardian of memory

Page 26 – 27

1. Consider how the tear-off calendar page is arranged. According to her model, design the page of the calendar "My birthday" on the right.

Come up with an oral story about yourself for the back page of the calendar.

2. Sign the names of the seasons in the center of the calendar circle. Color each part of the circle marked with red lines with suitable colors. Explain (verbally) why you chose these colors for each of the seasons.

3. Determine by the calendar circle which months the birthdays of your loved ones fall on. Write their names in the boxes. And in the circles indicate the number of family holidays.

4. Guess riddles. Write down the clues. Check the answers in the Appendix.

Days arrive, Twelve brothers And he himself decreases. They walk one after another, (Tear-off calendar) They do not bypass each other. (months)

Red days of the calendar

Page 28 – 29

1. Come up with a holiday sign. Draw it in a frame.

	June 12 - Day of Russia
	August 22 - Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation
	1 September is the day of knowledge
	October 5 - International Teacher's Day
	November 4 - National Unity Day
	December 12 - Constitution Day of the Russian Federation
	January 1 - New Year
	February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day
	March 8 - International Women's Day
	May 1 - Spring and Labor Day
	May 9 - Victory Day

2. Select and paste a photo of the celebration of one of the red days of the calendar (of your choice). Come up with a signature for it. You can use photographs from magazines.

folk calendar

Page 30 – 31

Page 36

autumn months

1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the autumn months in the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names of the autumn months. Write down the Russian names in the second column. Orally make a conclusion about their origin.

In the 2nd column we write from top to bottom: September October November

Find out from the elders and write down in the third column the names of the autumn months in the languages ​​of the people of your land.

In the 3rd column we write from top to bottom: the howler is a dirty leafy

2. Write down the names of the autumn months in the language of the peoples of your region, which are related:

a) with the phenomena of inanimate nature: rain bell, dawn, dirty, gloomy, howler.

b) with the phenomena of wildlife: leafy, leaf fall.

c) with the labor of people: a baker, a wedding man, a skit, a leaf scythe.

3. Russia is great. Therefore, they see off summer and meet autumn at different times and more than once. Write down the dates of the arrival of autumn according to the ancient calendars of the peoples of your region.

Answer: summer in Russia comes on September 1 (the modern date of the arrival of autumn), September 14 (the arrival of autumn according to the old style), September 23 (the day of the autumn equinox in the Moscow State was considered the day of the onset of autumn).

4. Signatures for the picture to choose from: golden autumn; a dull time - eyes charm; autumn in the village; autumn Moscow; waiting for winter.

pp. 38-39. Autumn in inanimate nature.

1. Mark the diagram showing the position of the sun in autumn. Explain (verbally) your choice.

Let's take a look at the second diagram. It has signs of autumn (rain, leaf fall, the sun is low above the ground).

For understanding: the Earth revolves around the Sun, while the Earth's axis is always tilted the same way. When the axis is tilted in the direction of the sun, it seems high relative to the earth, is "directly overhead", its rays fall "vertically", this time of year is called summer. When the Earth rotates around the Sun, the axis shifts relative to it and the Sun seems to descend relative to the Earth. Its rays fall on the Earth obliquely. Autumn is coming.

2. Make a list of autumn phenomena in inanimate nature using the text of the textbook.

Answer: frost, frost, rain, fog, autumn equinox, freezing.

3. Write down the date.

pp. 40-41. Folk holidays at the time of the autumn equinox.

The traditional costumes of the Nanai hunters of the Amur region are a combination of brown, red, pink and blue colors in patterns. The dishes are golden, painted.

Reindeer herders in Kamchatka dress in clothes and shoes made of reindeer skins, usually in all shades of brown or gray, with light fur.

S.42-43. Starry sky in autumn.

1. Using the illustrations of the textbook, connect the stars so that you get the figures of a bear and a swan. In the left figure, select the bucket of the Big Dipper.

See the picture for the answer.

2. Draw a picture for your fairytale story about how a big bear appeared in the starry sky.

Fairy tale story: Somehow a bear cub wanted to feast on honey and climbed a tree to destroy the hive. And the forest bees are evil, they attacked the bear cub, began to sting. The little bear began to climb higher and higher up the tree. The mother bear saw this, rushed to save the bear cub, also climbed a tree, and followed him to the very top of the tree. She covers her son with herself, and the bees sting more and more. I had to climb even higher, to the very sky, so that the bees would not get it. They are still there: Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.

Or make up a story about how bears hid in a tree from a hunter, and then climbed into the sky and left the chase.

We draw bears climbing into the sky from the top of a tree.

3. Watch the starry sky. Find familiar and new constellations and stars. Pay attention to the location of the big dipper bucket. Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you managed to see:

Constellations: Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pisces, Aries, Andromeda.

Stars: Venus, Sirius, Polaris.

4. Write a story about one of the constellations in the autumn sky. Use for this information from the atlas-determinant, other books, the Internet (at your discretion).

Story: Bootes or the Shepherd is a constellation in the sky of the northern hemisphere. It is observed both in summer and autumn. It looks like a man guarding a herd. The imagination of ancient people drew him with a staff and two dogs. There are several myths about this constellation, but the most interesting one says that the first plowman on earth was turned into this constellation, who taught people to work the land. The constellation Bootes includes the very bright star Arcturus next to Ursa Major, and it itself resembles a fan.

If you want, invent a fairy tale about the constellations of the autumn sky. Write it down on a separate sheet and arrange it beautifully.

First you need to find out which constellations are visible in the sky of the northern hemisphere in autumn. They are depicted and signed in the figure:

About any of them or about all at once we come up with a fairy tale.

Fairy tale: People lived in the same city. They were kind and honest, they achieved everything with their work. Among them was a shepherd who grazed cattle, a charioteer, twin children, an Aquarius who carried water from a well, beautiful maidens and Cassiopeia, and many others. They also had domestic animals: a calf, a ram, a horse, hounds. And when the boy Perseus began to play the flute, all the animals from the nearby forest came to listen to him: a cunning fox, and a lynx, and a lion, and a she-bear with a cub. Fish swam to the shore, a whale and a dolphin. Even the fabulous unicorn and dragon listened to the gentle melody. But one autumn, a volcanic eruption began near the town. He burned forests and fields, dropped houses and was ready to burn the city and all its inhabitants. But the huge dragon said to the people: you have never harmed anyone, you are all very good and I will save you. He gathered on his back everyone who could fit in and carried him to heaven. So they shine from the sky to this day and the constellation Perseus, and the dragon, there was a place for everyone in the night autumn sky.

Page 44-45. Grass at our house.

1. Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and place each plant in its own box.

3. Consider herbaceous plants near your home. Use the identification atlas to find out the names of several herbs, write them down.

Answer: clover, bluegrass, foxtail, yarrow, knotweed (bird's buckwheat), plantain, dandelion, mint, burdock.

4. Write a story about one of the herbs growing near your house. Use information from the Green Pages book or other sources (at your discretion).

Mint.
Mint grows near our house. This plant has a very pleasant smell. We often pick mint, dry its green leaves and add it to tea. I love drinking mint tea. There are several types of mint, among them there is also medicinal.

Plantain.
Plantain grows along the roads, from there it got its name. It has wide leaves and a long stem, on which small flowers bloom and seeds ripen. This plant is medicinal. If you cut yourself, apply plantain, and the wound will heal faster.

Photos for pasting:

pp. 46-47. Old women's work.

1. Find flax among these plants.

Answer: second from the left.

3. You are in the museum of flax and birch bark in the city of Kostroma. View photographs of tools for processing flax, making linen threads and fabrics. Write the numbers of their names in circles. 1. Spinning wheel. 2. Weaving mill. 3. Self-spinning wheel. 4. Rattled. 5. Mortar with pestle. 6. Flax mill.

The answer is in the picture.

It will be very useful to show the child a training video on flax processing. So the student will clearly see the whole process and better remember the purpose of the items for processing flax.

Page 48-49. Trees and shrubs in autumn.

1. Recognize the trees and shrubs by their leaves and write the numbers of their names in circles.

The answer is in the picture. Leaves of linden, birch and hazel turn yellow in autumn. Euonymus in autumn can be both yellow and purple. Oak leaves turn orange. Rowan, maple and aspen - yellow-red. The leaves of viburnum in autumn are green or yellow at the stalk and red at the edges.

2. Find a shrub among these plants and underline its name.

Answer: juniper.

Find a tree whose needles turn yellow and fall off in autumn.

Answer: larch.

3. Visit the forest, park or square. Admire the trees and shrubs in their autumn attire. Use the identification atlas to find out the names of several trees and shrubs. Write them down.

Answer: Birch, poplar, thuja, maple, mountain ash, linden, spruce, pine, aspen.

4. Observe and write down when the leaf fall ends: near birches - in October; at lindens - in September; at maples - in September; at the poplar - in November; at the aspen - in September; at viburnum - in October.

pp. 50-51. Wonderful flower gardens in autumn

3. Identify a few autumn flower garden plants. Write down their names.

We determine the Pleshakov determinant according to the atlas.

Answer: chrysanthemums, asters, dahlias, rudbeckia, gelenium, ornamental cabbage.

Photo for pasting:

4. Write a story about one of the plants in the autumn flower garden.

Dahlia

1. The legend tells how the dahlia flower appeared on earth. Dahlia appeared at the site of the last fire, which died out during the onset of the ice age. This flower was the first to sprout from the earth after the arrival of heat on the earth and with its flowering marked the victory of life over death, heat over cold.

2. In ancient times, the dahlia was not as common as it is now. Then it was only the property of the royal gardens. No one had the right to carry or take the dahlia out of the palace garden. A young gardener named George worked in that garden. And he had a beloved, whom he once gave a beautiful flower - a dahlia. He secretly brought a dahlia sprout from the royal palace and planted it in the spring at the house of his bride. This could not remain a secret, and rumors reached the king that a flower from his garden was now growing outside his palace. The king's anger knew no bounds. By his decree, the gardener George was captured by the guards and put in prison, from where he was never destined to leave. And the dahlia has since become the property of everyone who liked this flower. In honor of the gardener, this flower was named - dahlia.

pp. 52-53. Mushrooms

2. Draw a diagram of the structure of the fungus and label its parts. Check yourself according to the diagram in the textbook.

The main parts of the mushroom: mycelium, leg, hat.

4. Give other examples of edible and inedible mushrooms using the identification atlas From earth to sky (Pleshakov).

Edible mushrooms: butterdish, boletus, mushroom, camelina, russula.

Inedible mushrooms: fly agaric, galerina, pig.

Page 54-55. Six-legged and eight-legged.

1. What are these insects called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.

2. Cut out the pictures from the application and make diagrams of the transformation of insects. Finish the signatures.

Diagram of insect transformation.

Eggs - larva - dragonfly. Eggs - caterpillar - chrysalis - butterfly.

3. Find an extra pattern in this row and circle it. Explain (verbally) your decision.

Answer: An extra spider. He has 8 legs and he belongs to the arachnids, and the rest in the picture have 6 legs, these are insects.

4. Write a story about insects that interest you or about spiders. Use the information from the identification atlas, the book “Green Pages! or "The Giant in the Clearing" (of your choice).

Near our dacha, in the forest, there are several large anthills. Ants work all day, collecting seeds and dead animals. Also, ants feed on aphids. They slap the aphids on the back, and they exude a drop of sweet liquid. This liquid attracts ants. They love sweets.

Page 56-57. bird secrets

1. What are these birds called? Write in the circles the numbers of their names.

Migratory birds: swallow, swift, starling, duck, heron, rook.

Wintering birds: jay, woodpecker, nuthatch, titmouse, crow, sparrow.

2. Give other examples of migratory and wintering birds. You can use the information from the Green Pages book.

Migratory birds: crane, redstart, sandpiper, thrush, wagtail, wild geese.

Wintering birds: jackdaw, dove, bullfinch, magpie.

3. Watch the birds in your city (village). Use the identification atlas to find out their names. Pay attention to the behavior of birds. Does each bird have its own character? Write your story based on your observation. Make a drawing and stick a photo.

The jay is a forest bird, but recently it can be increasingly seen in the city: parks and squares. This is a very beautiful bird. She has multi-colored feathers on her wings, with a blue tint. Jay screams sharply, piercingly. This forest beauty loves to eat acorns, also picks up leftover food, sometimes ruins bird nests and even attacks small birds.

Page 58-59. How different animals prepare for winter.

1. Recognize animals by description. Write the names.

frog
toad
lizard
snake

2. Color the squirrel and the hare in summer and winter outfit. Draw each animal its natural environment. Explain (orally) why these animals change coat color.

The hare is gray in summer, slightly reddish, and by winter changes its skin to white.

Squirrels come in different colors, from light red to black. In autumn, they also shed, change their fur coat to a thicker and warmer one, but their color does not change significantly.

3. Sign who made these supplies for the winter.

Answer: 1. Squirrel. 2. Mouse.

4. Write in the text the names of the animals.

On the ground in a hole, the hedgehog makes a small nest of dry leaves, grass, and moss. In it, he lies in hibernation until spring. And the bear in late autumn arranges a lair for himself under a fallen tree and sleeps in it all winter.

pp. 60-61. Invisible threads in the autumn forest.

1. How are oak and forest animals related? Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and paste them into the boxes of diagram No. 1, and write the names of animals in diagram No. 2.

Answer: squirrel, jay, mouse. They feed on oak fruits and live here.

2. Cut out the drawings from the application and paste them into the diagram boxes. Within the framework, make diagrams with names.

Answer: Squirrels and mice feed on nuts. Rowan - thrush.

3. Give your example of invisible threads in the autumn forest and draw it in the form of a diagram.

Example: a squirrel feeds on a pine tree (eats cone seeds) and a woodpecker (eats insects that live in the bark, thereby healing the tree).

4. Look at the photos. Tell (verbally) what invisible threads in the autumn forest they remind you of.

Nuts are reminiscent of squirrels and mice. Acorns - squirrel, jay, mouse. Rowan - thrush.

pp. 62-63. Autumn work.

1. List what people do in the fall in the house, garden, orchard.

In the house: windows are insulated, firewood and coal are stored for the winter, stoves and heating boilers are prepared, seaming is done for the winter.

In the garden: harvest from trees, protect tree trunks from rodents and frost, fallen leaves are burned

In the garden: vegetables are harvested, sent to the cellar for storage, the beds are dug up.

2. Pick up and paste a photo of autumn activities in your family.

Photo for pasting:

Think and write down what qualities are needed to perform such a job.

Answer: love for the earth, diligence, ability to work with a shovel, chopper, rake, patience, strength.

Page 64-65. Be healthy.

1. Draw what games you like to play in summer and autumn. Photographs can be used instead of drawings.

Summer and autumn games: catch-up, tag, hide-and-seek, football, dodgeball, condals, badminton, for girls - rubber band, hopscotch.

2. Think and write down what qualities the games you like to play in summer and autumn develop.

Answer: dexterity, strength, ingenuity, courage, attentiveness, perseverance.

3. Ask the elders in the family to talk about one of the backgammon games in your area. Describe the game together. Give her a name...

GAME "High Oak"

This game was played in Russia by our grandparents, its name has been preserved since the 50s of the last century. One ball is needed to play. Play from 4 to 30 (or more) children.

Everyone becomes in a circle. Inside the circle is one person with a ball. He tosses the ball high above him and calls out the name of one of the players, for example: "Lyuba!". All children (including the one who tossed the ball) scatter in all directions. Lyuba should pick up the ball and throw it at one of the guys. Whoever is hit is the next to toss the ball.

They play until they get bored.

What qualities does this game develop: reaction speed, accuracy, running speed, dexterity.

pp. 66-69. Nature conservation in autumn.

3. We met these plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia in the 1st grade. Remember their names. Write the numbers in the circles.

4. And here are a few more representatives of the Red Book of Russia. Use the textbook to color them and sign the names.

Mushroom ram, water chestnut, tangerine.

5. Write a story about one of the representatives of the Red Book of Russia, who lives in your region.

Example: Atlantic walrus. The habitat of this rare species is the Barents and Kara Seas. An adult walrus can reach a length of 4 meters, and an Atlantic walrus can weigh about one and a half tons. This walrus species has been almost completely exterminated. To date, thanks to the efforts of specialists, a small increase in the population is recorded, although it is not yet possible to determine their exact number, since without special equipment it is extremely difficult to get to the haulout of these animals.

Page 70. Autumn walk.

Photo for pasting: